Editorial Eduforma MAD presents a practical guide for insight into the treatment of asthma, the most common chronic disease in childhood.
• The book includes hundreds of questions and answers about a respiratory condition with an incidence of between 5.5% and 14.6% in the Spanish population and addresses the issues that typically arise in families living with childhood asthma
• The Editorial Andalusian reinforces this release with the creation of the web www.mad.es / asmainfantil, with information on the work and its authors, the prestigious American specialists Claudia S. Plottle and B. Robert Feldman
Editorial Eduforma MAD presents a practical manual for parents and carers of children with asthma in children, backed by prestigious U.S. doctors specializing in treating this disease that affects millions of people around the world.
With the publication in Spain the book 100 Questions and answers about asthma in children, Editorial Eduforma MAD provides a useful tool for those who live daily with the respiratory condition with an incidence in the Spanish population of between 5.5% and 14.6%, according to each area.
Through questions from clinical practice, anyone interested in knowing about this disease will find this book accessible and international real information on aspects such as the causes, symptoms of this disease and its treatment.
What doctor diagnosed asthma? Can it be cured? What is the difference between allergy and asthma? What medications are useful to treat it? or Why is it important to include environmental monitoring my child's asthma? are some questions to find a practical answer in this book MAD Eduforma Editorial, that reveals how far medicine has advanced the understanding of this disease and how much progress has been made to confront and control in children and adolescents.
In this practical manual is recognized that in clinical practice have been introduced new and more effective medicines along with the oldest remedies and proven, although the modern treatment of asthma, the most common chronic disease in childhood, not limited to prescription drugs. In fact, now there is more emphasis than ever to study what role environmental factors in asthma.
Also shown in this book MAD Eduforma Editorial another key component of effective care of the child with asthma is to recognize the importance of collaboration between patient treatment, parents and the physician.
It also stresses the importance of individualized programs of self-control asthma, which are a useful frame of reference for parents and children learn about the disease in general and to decide the best way to treat asthma in particular small.
About the Authors
The authors of this book are Claudia S. Plottle, medical specialist in Pneumology of New York University Medical Center and B. Robert Feldman, a doctor specializing in Pediatrics, Allergology and Immunology at Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York Presbyterian. Since the endorsement of a joint experience of over 60 years, New Yorkers these professionals specializing in the care of children, adolescents and adults with asthma reveal scientific progress in understanding this disease and cope.
New tool in Internet Publishing Eduforma MAD
To contribute to the dissemination of the contents of this book and practical information for people interested in this disease, Editorial MAD Eduforma enabled web address www.mad.es / asmainfantil, where you will find more information on this manual, its authors and the Collection of the Family Health and Editorial.
Editorial MAD Eduforma has an experience of over 26 years in publishing books with a mainly practical. Little by little has been enriching its extensive catalog with the creation of different collections such as the Health and Family Services, which owns the book 100 Questions and answers about asthma in children, including titles like 100 questions and answers about the epilepsy or 100 questions and answers about psoriasis.
Tuesday, September 8, 2009
Hospiten is 40 years since opening its first hospital.
It was in January 1969 when it opened the first hospital Hospiten Group, Hospiten Bellevue in Puerto de la Cruz on the island of Tenerife. The first center was the response to existing health claim on the northern island of Tenerife and is now a modern hospital with 183 beds and modern diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.
The philosophy of Hospiten Group since its inception has always been the dedication to patient care with dedication of all those attending any of the twelve centers Hospiten distributed in Spain, Dominican Republic and Mexico.
This has allowed Hospiten established and the demand for medical care in places as far apart as the Canaries, Costa del Sol, Dominican Republic and Mexico as one of the largest international hospital groups in Spain and Latin sound. And all this based on a high quality of services both medical professionals as of latest technologies applied to medicine, which is combined with individualized treatment and close to all patients in our hospitals.
The growth of the Group focused on its beginnings on the island of Tenerife has two centers in Puerto de la Cruz Hospiten Tamaragua Hospiten Bellevue, a center in the south of the island, Hospiten South, and finally opened in 1995 Hospiten Rambla in the capital of Tenerife, which has Hospiten four centers on the island. Later in 1999 opened Hospiten Lanzarote and to complete the service network in the Canary Islands we introduced the hand we Clinic Rock on the island of Gran Canaria with two centers Hospiten San Augustine Clinic Hospiten Roca Roca Clinic Puerto Rico.
Out of the Canary Islands, the Group Hospiten has five centers, one located in the Iberian Peninsula, more particularly on the Costa del Sol, Estepona Hospiten called, both located in Dominican Republic, Bavaro and Hospiten Hospiten Santo Domingo, and two centers in Mexico, Cancun Hospiten and the last to open its doors in 2006 Hospiten Riviera Maya.
Besides these twelve medical centers and hospital of high complexity Hospiten Group has more than 100 outpatient clinics under the brand Clinic Assist to complete a health care network with the highest international quality standards.
These twelve centers located in thirteen countries and over a hundred clinics Clinic Assist Hospiten enable the Panel to expand its area of influence to expand their new countries, as is the case of Jamaica, where the Group already has Hospiten different facilities Clinic Assist and is under study and implementation of a new hospital to meet the health demands of the northern coast of the island.
Hospiten Group is an international hospitality network committed to providing service of high quality health care. With an experience of 40 years, the Group has twelve Hospiten private hospitals in Spain, Dominican Republic and Mexico, annually serves more than 600,000 patients around the world and has over 3,000 employees.
The philosophy of Hospiten Group since its inception has always been the dedication to patient care with dedication of all those attending any of the twelve centers Hospiten distributed in Spain, Dominican Republic and Mexico.
This has allowed Hospiten established and the demand for medical care in places as far apart as the Canaries, Costa del Sol, Dominican Republic and Mexico as one of the largest international hospital groups in Spain and Latin sound. And all this based on a high quality of services both medical professionals as of latest technologies applied to medicine, which is combined with individualized treatment and close to all patients in our hospitals.
The growth of the Group focused on its beginnings on the island of Tenerife has two centers in Puerto de la Cruz Hospiten Tamaragua Hospiten Bellevue, a center in the south of the island, Hospiten South, and finally opened in 1995 Hospiten Rambla in the capital of Tenerife, which has Hospiten four centers on the island. Later in 1999 opened Hospiten Lanzarote and to complete the service network in the Canary Islands we introduced the hand we Clinic Rock on the island of Gran Canaria with two centers Hospiten San Augustine Clinic Hospiten Roca Roca Clinic Puerto Rico.
Out of the Canary Islands, the Group Hospiten has five centers, one located in the Iberian Peninsula, more particularly on the Costa del Sol, Estepona Hospiten called, both located in Dominican Republic, Bavaro and Hospiten Hospiten Santo Domingo, and two centers in Mexico, Cancun Hospiten and the last to open its doors in 2006 Hospiten Riviera Maya.
Besides these twelve medical centers and hospital of high complexity Hospiten Group has more than 100 outpatient clinics under the brand Clinic Assist to complete a health care network with the highest international quality standards.
These twelve centers located in thirteen countries and over a hundred clinics Clinic Assist Hospiten enable the Panel to expand its area of influence to expand their new countries, as is the case of Jamaica, where the Group already has Hospiten different facilities Clinic Assist and is under study and implementation of a new hospital to meet the health demands of the northern coast of the island.
Hospiten Group is an international hospitality network committed to providing service of high quality health care. With an experience of 40 years, the Group has twelve Hospiten private hospitals in Spain, Dominican Republic and Mexico, annually serves more than 600,000 patients around the world and has over 3,000 employees.
Extending the manifestations of eating disorders.
Whenever there are more specific disorders in which patients have trouble eating. This applies to the vigorexia, sadorexia or diabulimia, among others.
The eating disorders (ED) is a health problem that has a strong impact on our society. The major changes both social, economic and cultural relate directly to changes in eating behavior. And that beauty, physical attractiveness and body are rising values in the twenty-first century society.
The problem of these disorders is as varied and multifactorial requiring attention and action that includes the clinical, familial, but also cultural, social and educational. As noted by the Eating Disorders Institute (ITA) increasingly extending the various manifestations of these disorders, which implies a greater diversity for treatment.
The specific diagnostic criteria of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) defines three types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimum value), bulimia nervosa (eating food in a short space of time in excess of what most people would eat during a similar time in short, a feeling of loss of control over eating) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (all those disorders not meet the criteria of the previous two categories).
The same classification also describes various disorders linked to eating disorders: pica disorder (persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances) Rumination disorder (repeated regurgitation and new chews food) and the Feeding disorder of childhood or childhood (difficulty persistent inability to eat adequately with significant weight gain or significant weight loss).
New manifestations of TCA
The most recognizable manifestations of TCA are anorexia and bulimia nervosa to binge eating together. As of today appear more strongly as new manifestations vigorexia, orthorexia, sadorexia, night eating syndrome and diabulimia. These specific disorders are less known and yet increasingly common.
The vigorexia is a disorder that affects between 1 and 10% of regular users of gyms. It is characterized by obsessive preoccupation with physical and distortion of body schema affects mostly men between 15 and 35 years, but also women. This entails an addiction to physical activity (especially in body building) along with obsessive thoughts and continuing on how to improve the appearance (concern about being weak or poorly muscled). Often leads to substance use for muscle development and excessive dietary control, imbalanced where the amount of protein and carbohydrate consumed is excessive.
Another manifestation of the TCA is called orthorexia, appetite literally correct, ie, the obsession with healthy eating. It manifests itself through excessive worry about the quality of the food, feeling guilty and corrupt when not met their own dietary beliefs. Thus, the subjects, mostly young women, develop their own rules food and, unlike anorexia or bulimia nervosa, which focuses on the amount of food, orthorexic become obsessed with the quality of it reaching socially isolated because his way of eating. In short, everyday life is affected, because what started as a dietary habit, derives almost a religion where the slightest transgression is tantamount to sin.
Together with the two conditions above are the sadorexia (sadomasochism and anorexia) seen an evolution or second generation of the traditional TCA. Behavior is characterized by an anorexic, bulimic or orthorexic where traditional symptomatology is absent giving way to the use of unconventional techniques such as thinning severe masochism to achieve extreme thinness. In these cases the physical abuse and external control of behavior may lead to rapid weight loss and permanent. These actions do not arouse suspicion in even family or friends and family cause social isolation.
Other disorders diagnosed shortly but no less important are: night eating syndrome, the diabulimia and certain phobic disorders that involve eating.
We like that night eating syndrome comprising both eating disorder and a sleep disorder. It affects between 1 and 2% of the population and focuses on overeating at night being able to reach between 3 and repeat 5 times. People who suffer from eating half asleep so do not fully realize or remember what they do.
For its part, diabulimia is a disorder in which people with type 1 diabetes skip their insulin injections in order to lose weight. Often, these individuals are diagnosed with an eating disorder like anorexia or bulimia nervosa rather than diabetes. He frequently appears in adolescence and is more common in women than in men.
In phobic disorders can find certain behaviors such as avoiding eating in public, swallow food and selection, developing avoidant behavior due to the unpleasant sensations that brings on the presence of certain foods, fear of choking, etc..
The eating disorders (ED) is a health problem that has a strong impact on our society. The major changes both social, economic and cultural relate directly to changes in eating behavior. And that beauty, physical attractiveness and body are rising values in the twenty-first century society.
The problem of these disorders is as varied and multifactorial requiring attention and action that includes the clinical, familial, but also cultural, social and educational. As noted by the Eating Disorders Institute (ITA) increasingly extending the various manifestations of these disorders, which implies a greater diversity for treatment.
The specific diagnostic criteria of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) defines three types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimum value), bulimia nervosa (eating food in a short space of time in excess of what most people would eat during a similar time in short, a feeling of loss of control over eating) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (all those disorders not meet the criteria of the previous two categories).
The same classification also describes various disorders linked to eating disorders: pica disorder (persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances) Rumination disorder (repeated regurgitation and new chews food) and the Feeding disorder of childhood or childhood (difficulty persistent inability to eat adequately with significant weight gain or significant weight loss).
New manifestations of TCA
The most recognizable manifestations of TCA are anorexia and bulimia nervosa to binge eating together. As of today appear more strongly as new manifestations vigorexia, orthorexia, sadorexia, night eating syndrome and diabulimia. These specific disorders are less known and yet increasingly common.
The vigorexia is a disorder that affects between 1 and 10% of regular users of gyms. It is characterized by obsessive preoccupation with physical and distortion of body schema affects mostly men between 15 and 35 years, but also women. This entails an addiction to physical activity (especially in body building) along with obsessive thoughts and continuing on how to improve the appearance (concern about being weak or poorly muscled). Often leads to substance use for muscle development and excessive dietary control, imbalanced where the amount of protein and carbohydrate consumed is excessive.
Another manifestation of the TCA is called orthorexia, appetite literally correct, ie, the obsession with healthy eating. It manifests itself through excessive worry about the quality of the food, feeling guilty and corrupt when not met their own dietary beliefs. Thus, the subjects, mostly young women, develop their own rules food and, unlike anorexia or bulimia nervosa, which focuses on the amount of food, orthorexic become obsessed with the quality of it reaching socially isolated because his way of eating. In short, everyday life is affected, because what started as a dietary habit, derives almost a religion where the slightest transgression is tantamount to sin.
Together with the two conditions above are the sadorexia (sadomasochism and anorexia) seen an evolution or second generation of the traditional TCA. Behavior is characterized by an anorexic, bulimic or orthorexic where traditional symptomatology is absent giving way to the use of unconventional techniques such as thinning severe masochism to achieve extreme thinness. In these cases the physical abuse and external control of behavior may lead to rapid weight loss and permanent. These actions do not arouse suspicion in even family or friends and family cause social isolation.
Other disorders diagnosed shortly but no less important are: night eating syndrome, the diabulimia and certain phobic disorders that involve eating.
We like that night eating syndrome comprising both eating disorder and a sleep disorder. It affects between 1 and 2% of the population and focuses on overeating at night being able to reach between 3 and repeat 5 times. People who suffer from eating half asleep so do not fully realize or remember what they do.
For its part, diabulimia is a disorder in which people with type 1 diabetes skip their insulin injections in order to lose weight. Often, these individuals are diagnosed with an eating disorder like anorexia or bulimia nervosa rather than diabetes. He frequently appears in adolescence and is more common in women than in men.
In phobic disorders can find certain behaviors such as avoiding eating in public, swallow food and selection, developing avoidant behavior due to the unpleasant sensations that brings on the presence of certain foods, fear of choking, etc..
The use of psychotropic drugs to treat mental health problems do not always respond to rational standards.
Section of Psychiatry of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bilbao organizes the conference, which will focus on the rational use of medicines in mental health.
A simplistic concept of mental illness and human behavior has contributed to extending treatment with psychotropic drugs that conditions can hardly be considered psychiatric disorders, and should be addressed differently.
The popularization and trivialization of some use of some psychiatric medications has contributed to widespread use of a poorly justified. Drugs like Prozac are now part of the culture of XX and XXI century, said Dr. Uriarte Uriarte.
In recent years it has been called into question the efficacy and safety of many of these drugs, especially when used indiscriminately, with little control, and regardless of other therapeutic alternatives.
Reflect on the different aspects that condition the assistance to mental health problems today, and more specifically, which determine the use of psychotropic medication. This will be the main focus of Dr. Jose Juan Uriarte Uriarte, department head of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital de Zamudio. The workshop organized by the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bilbao, to be titled The Use and Abuse of prescription psychoactive drugs. Towards a rational use will take place on Wednesday 28 January at 19.00 in the hall of the Medical Association of Bizkaia (Lersundi, 9 to 5 degrees).
The rapporteur will delve into the idea that the current use of medications in mental health does not always have a rational basis and in the various aspects that determine the use of psychoactive drugs. This will begin by reviewing the various interpretations of the concept of rationality applied to the field of health and social changes that influence current medical practice, with particular reference to the extension of the concept of health. Then, before entering fully into the factors influencing the current spread of psychoactive drugs, the expert will analyze the impacts of low awareness of the causes and pathogenesis of mental illness.
Causes of the spread of psychoactive drugs
The huge spread and success of psychoactive drugs in the last decade has various causes among which are: technical progress and the excessive reliance on technology, the relative effectiveness of other intervention methods (such as psychotherapy), dissemination of assessment models of interventions (clinical trials), social changes, changes in psychiatric nosology and the influence of the pharmaceutical industry, says Dr. Uriarte. To all this must be added that the extension of the idea that symptoms of mental illness depend on brain function regulated by chemical substances, and can be modified in a controlled and socially acceptable has contributed to the incredible diffusion of drugs like Prozac, as part of the culture of XX and XXI century.
A simplistic concept of mental illness and human behavior has also helped reduce the stigma attached to treatment with psychotropic drugs, especially antidepressants, which have gone in a few years of being rejected or consumed in secret, to be sued directly by patients, says expert psychiatrist. The extension of the mental health field has certainly been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry, which has stretched to the utmost traditional diseases like depression, and has contributed to an explosion and expansion of mental health problems likely treatment, including adjoining normal situations, such as shyness or hyperactive behavior in children, he adds.
Treatments questioned
However in recent years has challenged the efficacy and safety of many drugs. Moreover, the lack of progress in the knowledge of the causes of mental illnesses just to temper enthusiasm and unrealistic statements indicate JJ Uriarte. Note that psychotropic drugs have traditionally had a competitor in the market for human psychiatric disorders and discomforts. It is psychological and psychotherapeutic treatments that have even greater initial sympathy, suffer from the same or even larger gaps that the speaker says psychoactive drugs. It is necessary to move towards a greater understanding of the factors that are associated with greater efficacy and safety of our interventions, efficacy and safety, which often is achieved with a comprehensive approach that cleverly combines the best of each type of approach, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic .
It should also be noted that the marketing of new drugs is based on controlled clinical trials. But the information they provide is often difficult to extrapolate to routine clinical practice, so research is needed to reflect more reliably what happens in real life and help us making decisions. Recent studies such as CATIE, have had a major impact in the psychiatric community and have led to deeply held beliefs are shaken.
A simplistic concept of mental illness and human behavior has contributed to extending treatment with psychotropic drugs that conditions can hardly be considered psychiatric disorders, and should be addressed differently.
The popularization and trivialization of some use of some psychiatric medications has contributed to widespread use of a poorly justified. Drugs like Prozac are now part of the culture of XX and XXI century, said Dr. Uriarte Uriarte.
In recent years it has been called into question the efficacy and safety of many of these drugs, especially when used indiscriminately, with little control, and regardless of other therapeutic alternatives.
Reflect on the different aspects that condition the assistance to mental health problems today, and more specifically, which determine the use of psychotropic medication. This will be the main focus of Dr. Jose Juan Uriarte Uriarte, department head of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital de Zamudio. The workshop organized by the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bilbao, to be titled The Use and Abuse of prescription psychoactive drugs. Towards a rational use will take place on Wednesday 28 January at 19.00 in the hall of the Medical Association of Bizkaia (Lersundi, 9 to 5 degrees).
The rapporteur will delve into the idea that the current use of medications in mental health does not always have a rational basis and in the various aspects that determine the use of psychoactive drugs. This will begin by reviewing the various interpretations of the concept of rationality applied to the field of health and social changes that influence current medical practice, with particular reference to the extension of the concept of health. Then, before entering fully into the factors influencing the current spread of psychoactive drugs, the expert will analyze the impacts of low awareness of the causes and pathogenesis of mental illness.
Causes of the spread of psychoactive drugs
The huge spread and success of psychoactive drugs in the last decade has various causes among which are: technical progress and the excessive reliance on technology, the relative effectiveness of other intervention methods (such as psychotherapy), dissemination of assessment models of interventions (clinical trials), social changes, changes in psychiatric nosology and the influence of the pharmaceutical industry, says Dr. Uriarte. To all this must be added that the extension of the idea that symptoms of mental illness depend on brain function regulated by chemical substances, and can be modified in a controlled and socially acceptable has contributed to the incredible diffusion of drugs like Prozac, as part of the culture of XX and XXI century.
A simplistic concept of mental illness and human behavior has also helped reduce the stigma attached to treatment with psychotropic drugs, especially antidepressants, which have gone in a few years of being rejected or consumed in secret, to be sued directly by patients, says expert psychiatrist. The extension of the mental health field has certainly been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry, which has stretched to the utmost traditional diseases like depression, and has contributed to an explosion and expansion of mental health problems likely treatment, including adjoining normal situations, such as shyness or hyperactive behavior in children, he adds.
Treatments questioned
However in recent years has challenged the efficacy and safety of many drugs. Moreover, the lack of progress in the knowledge of the causes of mental illnesses just to temper enthusiasm and unrealistic statements indicate JJ Uriarte. Note that psychotropic drugs have traditionally had a competitor in the market for human psychiatric disorders and discomforts. It is psychological and psychotherapeutic treatments that have even greater initial sympathy, suffer from the same or even larger gaps that the speaker says psychoactive drugs. It is necessary to move towards a greater understanding of the factors that are associated with greater efficacy and safety of our interventions, efficacy and safety, which often is achieved with a comprehensive approach that cleverly combines the best of each type of approach, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic .
It should also be noted that the marketing of new drugs is based on controlled clinical trials. But the information they provide is often difficult to extrapolate to routine clinical practice, so research is needed to reflect more reliably what happens in real life and help us making decisions. Recent studies such as CATIE, have had a major impact in the psychiatric community and have led to deeply held beliefs are shaken.
The Foundation awards the trajectory Balmis Doctor vacunólogo prestigious José Antonio Navarro.
First edition of the awards dedicated to Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
Doctor Balmis Foundation, created under the auspices of the Rotary Club Alicante, sponsored by Esteve, created the prizes that bear his name to distinguish the most important personalities in the field of Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Spanish. In this first edition, which has an annual continuity, has recognized the professional work of Dr. Jose Antonio Navarro Alonso, currently Chief of Vaccinology, Health Promotion and Protection of the Regional Government of Murcia.
Member of the Spanish Association of Vaccinology, Navarro Alonso also part of the Vaccine Safety Project of the World Health Organization and the European Advisory Group on Vaccines and Immunizations, among many other agencies. Collected the award yesterday Friday, January 23 in Alicante, from the hands of Health Minister, Bernat Soria, and in the presence of leading authorities from the health and social, that in this way support the philosophy of service delivery and community Award promotes.
It is noteworthy that Dr. Balmis Foundation aims to disseminate the values they embody the figure of this great figure of the eighteenth century, which enjoys great recognition in the Latin American countries and in the Philippines but is widely unknown in Spain and their homeland, Alicante.
Francisco Javier Balmis dedicated his life to medicine and pioneered the study of the applications of the vaccine, especially smallpox, considered a pest that has caused more deaths in the human species. He starred in one of the most impressive feats of Medicine, by spreading the vaccine in a philanthropic expedition that sailed around the world. It was inspired by Rotary International in the achievement of Dr. Balmis to develop the Polio Plus campaign, through which virtually eradicated polio in the world, through the vaccination of hundreds of thousands of children.
The Award ceremony was held yesterday, January 23 at 21.30 at Hotel Sidi San Juan (Alicante), usual venue of the Rotary Club of Alicante, currently chaired by Dr. Jorge Alió, who also chairs the Foundation Doctor Balmis.
Bet on vaccines Esteve
Esteve, sponsor of the Doctor Balmis Foundation Award, is a chemical-pharmaceutical group leader in Spain and with a strong international presence. Currently the Group provides a comprehensive solution within the health sector with a variety of segments in which it is active. The presence in the field of vaccines Esteve has materialized on the one hand, through the market (since 2000) of a broad portfolio of vaccines within the fields of influenza and meningitis, and more recently through incorporation into a project with the Catalan Center for Research and AIDS Vaccine Development (HIVACAT), a public-private initiative that has focused on developing a vaccine for HIV.
Esteve has expanded its scope of action towards preventive medicine, in particular vaccines. More and more diseases preventable through vaccines, and Balmis Awards initiative responds to the social commitment of Esteve.
Doctor Balmis Foundation, created under the auspices of the Rotary Club Alicante, sponsored by Esteve, created the prizes that bear his name to distinguish the most important personalities in the field of Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Spanish. In this first edition, which has an annual continuity, has recognized the professional work of Dr. Jose Antonio Navarro Alonso, currently Chief of Vaccinology, Health Promotion and Protection of the Regional Government of Murcia.
Member of the Spanish Association of Vaccinology, Navarro Alonso also part of the Vaccine Safety Project of the World Health Organization and the European Advisory Group on Vaccines and Immunizations, among many other agencies. Collected the award yesterday Friday, January 23 in Alicante, from the hands of Health Minister, Bernat Soria, and in the presence of leading authorities from the health and social, that in this way support the philosophy of service delivery and community Award promotes.
It is noteworthy that Dr. Balmis Foundation aims to disseminate the values they embody the figure of this great figure of the eighteenth century, which enjoys great recognition in the Latin American countries and in the Philippines but is widely unknown in Spain and their homeland, Alicante.
Francisco Javier Balmis dedicated his life to medicine and pioneered the study of the applications of the vaccine, especially smallpox, considered a pest that has caused more deaths in the human species. He starred in one of the most impressive feats of Medicine, by spreading the vaccine in a philanthropic expedition that sailed around the world. It was inspired by Rotary International in the achievement of Dr. Balmis to develop the Polio Plus campaign, through which virtually eradicated polio in the world, through the vaccination of hundreds of thousands of children.
The Award ceremony was held yesterday, January 23 at 21.30 at Hotel Sidi San Juan (Alicante), usual venue of the Rotary Club of Alicante, currently chaired by Dr. Jorge Alió, who also chairs the Foundation Doctor Balmis.
Bet on vaccines Esteve
Esteve, sponsor of the Doctor Balmis Foundation Award, is a chemical-pharmaceutical group leader in Spain and with a strong international presence. Currently the Group provides a comprehensive solution within the health sector with a variety of segments in which it is active. The presence in the field of vaccines Esteve has materialized on the one hand, through the market (since 2000) of a broad portfolio of vaccines within the fields of influenza and meningitis, and more recently through incorporation into a project with the Catalan Center for Research and AIDS Vaccine Development (HIVACAT), a public-private initiative that has focused on developing a vaccine for HIV.
Esteve has expanded its scope of action towards preventive medicine, in particular vaccines. More and more diseases preventable through vaccines, and Balmis Awards initiative responds to the social commitment of Esteve.
Friday, March 27, 2009
7. Evaluation of Health Services:
In 1973 an American physician who reviewed China, the impression of şöye explains: "Less developed countries immediately noticeable, happy life with the poverty of minorities in the luxury and guarantee people's lives in China, the difference between no. The houses are simple, but the Chinese could sit niteliktedir housing. All have water and electricity. Large and small cities and villages everyone was dressed in the appropriate manner. At first glance, for no one outstanding issue that is not a hunger problem. Author self-question with an attitude is questionable, "But I've seen this only in places like that did you?". China wants to go anywhere author, other authors' observations and open-hearted response to the Chinese to have the following results are based on: "Every place I've seen in my life may not be. However, the real situation is usually the way I see and the former was compared with the much improved. Today, life in China, compared to western countries, the standard is very simple. But people's standard of living, average income per capita of 120 dollars (1,300 USD) compared to the other less developed countries is very high level. "
In China since the liberation of health to determine how the objective is increased, indicating the status of all of China is not about death and birth rates. China Ministry of Health does not collect statistical data for all China, or at least yayınlamamaktadır. However, travel to foreign researchers in the cities and villages to find demographic data for that location. This data, especially in cities in China, death, birth, infant mortality and the mortality is low to be compared to less developed countries, even developed countries can be compared with measurements. For example, in 1971 the birth rate in urban Shanghai in the bin 12, the death rate of 5.2 per mil, infant mortality rate is 8.7 per mil. The other objective criteria to improve the health level of infectious diseases has been wholly under control.
Mother and child health services and health services in the achievement is a metric to reflect the success. Publications in this area can be summarized as follows: Home health as negatively affecting a problem for China is not excessive fertility. 32-33 years old 23 years old and younger who multiparlar young primiparlar is very sparse. Nutrition for pregnant women, mother and fetus in terms of health is adequate. All pregnant women, antenatal care and education are. Her birth, education, carried out by midwives or doctors are peasants. Between 4 and 9 percent of Premature rate varies. Periodic examinations of children of peasant workers by physicians and health is red. BCG at birth to children, two months and three months when I was polio type II and III polio vaccine is made. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine begins third month. Flowers vaccine seventh, eighth month of the measles vaccine is applied. Meningitis and encephalitis B vaccine immunization in Kindergarten also maintained. Full implementation of the immunization program, even the most remote rural areas do not fall below 80 percent. Treatment of acute diseases of children even in the most remote rural areas are made by physicians without delay villagers. Estimated infant mortality rate in China in a thousand 17-20.
Development of school children, compared with the United States an author of children's development, "pre-school children of average height and weight compared to children in the United States is low in the normal limits", especially. Evaluation of health services, health management in China, the World Health Organization experts have reviewed the end result will be in place. This expert report on "China's life a generation open it in time, worn by disease, ignorant, semi-feudal and humane life, just happy to belong to a minority as a country to be free, dynamic, healthy, producers, and community informed all her work to people's participation has become a country "he is.
China's health program can be applied in other less developed countries, did you? Question of the World Health Organization General Assembly in 1973, the Chinese delegation participating in the meeting that the response is: "Our program, is a program that meets our requirements and opportunities. Our program, not other countries, just as we do our own conditions and development opportunities appropriate program can succeed. "
This rule, details of a health program in the right direction, but the principle is not true. Principles of health management in China, health and community development professionals and managers of the less developed countries in the last ten years, the principles are recommended. So what success in the implementation of China managers have demonstrated these principles? must search for an answer to the question. Chinese health authorities have information about a Canadian expert in the broad success of reasons to gather in two groups. The first point, the population of China is top quality. Chinese people are very disciplined. To accomplish the job to them to spend every effort and often members of their social group, other members will serve without expecting any money. This continued for ages in China is a part of culture. Second point, Chinese managers of health services to all socio-economic revolution to address as part of this revolution to be in power really want and are able to do so.
As a result, other less developed countries, China miracle, but this coming together of the two conditions may occur at the rate of blood should be noted.
In China since the liberation of health to determine how the objective is increased, indicating the status of all of China is not about death and birth rates. China Ministry of Health does not collect statistical data for all China, or at least yayınlamamaktadır. However, travel to foreign researchers in the cities and villages to find demographic data for that location. This data, especially in cities in China, death, birth, infant mortality and the mortality is low to be compared to less developed countries, even developed countries can be compared with measurements. For example, in 1971 the birth rate in urban Shanghai in the bin 12, the death rate of 5.2 per mil, infant mortality rate is 8.7 per mil. The other objective criteria to improve the health level of infectious diseases has been wholly under control.
Mother and child health services and health services in the achievement is a metric to reflect the success. Publications in this area can be summarized as follows: Home health as negatively affecting a problem for China is not excessive fertility. 32-33 years old 23 years old and younger who multiparlar young primiparlar is very sparse. Nutrition for pregnant women, mother and fetus in terms of health is adequate. All pregnant women, antenatal care and education are. Her birth, education, carried out by midwives or doctors are peasants. Between 4 and 9 percent of Premature rate varies. Periodic examinations of children of peasant workers by physicians and health is red. BCG at birth to children, two months and three months when I was polio type II and III polio vaccine is made. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine begins third month. Flowers vaccine seventh, eighth month of the measles vaccine is applied. Meningitis and encephalitis B vaccine immunization in Kindergarten also maintained. Full implementation of the immunization program, even the most remote rural areas do not fall below 80 percent. Treatment of acute diseases of children even in the most remote rural areas are made by physicians without delay villagers. Estimated infant mortality rate in China in a thousand 17-20.
Development of school children, compared with the United States an author of children's development, "pre-school children of average height and weight compared to children in the United States is low in the normal limits", especially. Evaluation of health services, health management in China, the World Health Organization experts have reviewed the end result will be in place. This expert report on "China's life a generation open it in time, worn by disease, ignorant, semi-feudal and humane life, just happy to belong to a minority as a country to be free, dynamic, healthy, producers, and community informed all her work to people's participation has become a country "he is.
China's health program can be applied in other less developed countries, did you? Question of the World Health Organization General Assembly in 1973, the Chinese delegation participating in the meeting that the response is: "Our program, is a program that meets our requirements and opportunities. Our program, not other countries, just as we do our own conditions and development opportunities appropriate program can succeed. "
This rule, details of a health program in the right direction, but the principle is not true. Principles of health management in China, health and community development professionals and managers of the less developed countries in the last ten years, the principles are recommended. So what success in the implementation of China managers have demonstrated these principles? must search for an answer to the question. Chinese health authorities have information about a Canadian expert in the broad success of reasons to gather in two groups. The first point, the population of China is top quality. Chinese people are very disciplined. To accomplish the job to them to spend every effort and often members of their social group, other members will serve without expecting any money. This continued for ages in China is a part of culture. Second point, Chinese managers of health services to all socio-economic revolution to address as part of this revolution to be in power really want and are able to do so.
As a result, other less developed countries, China miracle, but this coming together of the two conditions may occur at the rate of blood should be noted.
5. Health Organization:
The basic unit in health organizations, and commune in rural areas are neighborhoods in cities. (Table: 2 and 3)
Table: 2-China People's Republic Health Organization in the Rural Area
Organization of Layer
Population covered
Health Institutions and Personnel
State or province (all 27 in China)
1-50 Million
n Provincial Hospitals
the Public Health Office
n Sub-Branch Professionals
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
County (all in China, 2000)
Up to 1 Million
n District hospitals
n Specialist doctors
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
Commune (in Greater China 27,000)
Up to 60 thousand
Hospital and Health Center or the commune
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
the nurses, midwives
Production Team (All communard 5-20)
500-3.000
n Health station
n villagers Doctor
n Health Assistant
Production team (Each team in 10-30)
50-300
n villagers Doctor
n Health Assistant
Commune, a social unit in rural areas is self-sufficient. Communard agriculture, industry, trade, land-water protection, education, health, social and economic functions of all kinds, such as the organization is run. As collective property commune members, the government is not. The manufactured goods are the property komünün. Commune, identify and sell goods over the price earnings, at a rate of contribution is distributed among the members. Products outside of the income distribution than is collected in two fonda. These are investment funds and social prosperity. Culture, education, health assistance, job benefits, such as senile and can not see spending, social prosperity of the fund are met.
Table: 3 - in the city in the People's Republic of China Health Management
Organization of Layer
Population covered
Health institutions and personnel
Municipality
Up to 11 Million
the Special Branch and Education Hospital
the Public Health Office
n Sub-Branch Professionals
Region
Up to 900 thousand
n Area Hospitals
with the epidemic of War Central
n Specialist Doctors
Neighborhood
40.000-70.000
Neighborhood Health Center or the hospital
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
n Assist Doctors
the nurses, midwives
Neighborhood Association
1.000-8.000
n Health Station
Health Workers in the Red
certain hours of the incoming physician
Public Groups
50-100
Communard population is very different. Population of 60,000 is up to the communard. Advanced communard a hospital, a health center is located in less developed communard. These hospitals and health centers in western medicine doctors studied medical and public works. These hospitals, laboratories and x-ray parts to maintain the level of a patient is satisfactory. Each production team and production team communard 5-20 in the production team is 10-30. A production team is usually mapped to a village and includes a population of 50-300. Assist physicians and health workers in these units to the villagers. Services, the station if necessary, and villagers are being carried out at home.
As for the city, district hospitals or health centers in each district are available. The other factory workers in the stations and duties of doctors sub-organization of the district, which covers a population of 1000-8000 in the neighboring units at particular times of day red health workers and health stations are the work of physicians. Health education and public services such as environmental health aspects of conducted in the district covering a population of 50-100 people, the bottom unit of the group. Each group responsible for their health will choose a medical assistant. This will help you organize the business in society.
At higher levels in rural areas, district hospitals and provincial hospitals communard vardır. These are much more advanced and specialized doctors working in sub-branch of the hospital. Cities and regions in the neighborhood over the region after the council has. Hospitals and public health at all levels are flat. Rural areas and upper levels of each hospital in the city will work with lower levels and that levels are responsible for in-service training of employees.
One of the characteristics of Chinese rule, a single organization for a service to society is not found. A service conducted by many organizations will cooperate. For example, health services and health organizations as well as women's federation to be conducted, workers unions, party organizations such as the organizations are also mission. The main task of the Party organizations of various organizations to coordinate services and to bring out misbehaviors. China is an important element of management "service leaders" (Cadre Personnel) dir. China manager, service team leaders to be trained to give great importance. These people are carefully selected and well trained technicians. These technical issues or how to do what can be done very well knows, are very resourceful and dynamic individuals.
Health services to develop the Soviet Union is the example of the health organizations were taken in 1949-1965 typically urban and industrial workers, especially on health services development, outbreaks of the disease to war, in every county west of the hospital-type samples by opening the services to spread to the environment, rural region, with mobile teams to bring services that are . Number of beds in hospitals 90,000 from 700,000 'e was increased.
In this period, the control of health problems for a short time with trained personnel was carried out campaigns of the population participated. One of them, and most importantly, is the campaign to improve environmental health conditions. Other captivity of opium, venereal diseases, prostitution and war campaigns şistozomyazis. China to review written by a Western doctor, the Chinese people won the great success of this campaign. All life allows women to earn their living by working is provided. Result of this campaign to end prostitution in China is over. Venereal (genital) diseases are the root of the starving. New born baby does not stay in Bel frostiness silver nitrate drops in the eyes of the applications have been abandoned.
As environmental health campaigns, the remaining three weeks in China during that time an author sees horn 3 and the other 4 clubs you see in 6 weeks, a third did not see no horn to me. And also a huge narcotics war Şistozomyazis was successful. Narcotics use, and one root Şistozomların kalmamıştır shaven.
In this period, significant achievements gained in the field of health at the beginning of 1960s but has been criticized as a serious health organizations. Criticism is collected in the following points:
a-The priority given to the city but the village could not be taken until the service.
Preventive medicine will be given to the importance of b-to said that in this area and to make some successful applications, the treatment in the field of medical research, training and implementation are given more importance. The merger of Western and Chinese folk medicine and folk medicine the important need to achieve is not important.
c-other countries, the application of the techniques can be adapted to Chinese conditions apply.
d-in management education and persuasion rather than to collective leadership and command must be applied to the way in the classical hierarchical order was established and the road has been doing business with the order.
e-drive instead of the standard to all services that are to be increased.
f-executives serve to establish a close relationship with the person. Opinion studies are considered more valuable body of work.
1965 Chairman Mao, the first movement as a cultural revolution in the health ministry was severely criticized in a way. Give importance to service in rural areas, the training is unnecessarily long, theoretical weight is given to education, preventive medicine, and research on diseases common to the Chairman Mao's criticism is not important. Ministry of Health was distributed during this period, as mentioned above also closed faculties, research published in journals has not been published. During this period, 20,000 doctors working in the city a few years or permanently to work in rural areas is the way. 1600 Number of mobile teams working in rural areas to be removed, one million peasants doctors, three million have been trained medical assistant. Both rural and urban areas in the medical care system, improved coordination and organization of this article described the health organizations have been established.
Finance 6.Sağlık Services:
Necessary for the health spending money in China come from three sources. One of them is to pay the public directly. 2 slots for all of health care (12 lira) gives. Also pays for each service a little. This payment will not prevent use of services is less. The second source, commune and factory are social security funds. This chocolate is usually a hospital for the hospital expenses. The third source, the government's budget is separate from the appropriations for health services. These payments, when required, or special programs to support local organizations, for example, family planning program, to be financed.
Health services costs and the high growth for each country and especially the chops for less developed countries, is a big problem. About the cost of health services in China to specify a number is not possible. However, according to Chinese health management in China the impression of viewing health care spending compared to other countries, and especially as a less than the government is not installed. The reason for this can be collected at three points:
Serving as a focus for services to medical workers and peasants will not make a special payment. They will receive their share of production, such as other friends. A peasant in the medical benefit of the 300 slots (1,800 lira) is. The fees paid to other health personnel to other countries is very low.
b-home and outpatient services and preventive medicine in the treatment is actually given priority.
c-acupuncture and herbs, made from extensive use of folk medicine, the pharmaceutical industry because drug spending is for profit also be running is very low compared to other countries.
Table: 2-China People's Republic Health Organization in the Rural Area
Organization of Layer
Population covered
Health Institutions and Personnel
State or province (all 27 in China)
1-50 Million
n Provincial Hospitals
the Public Health Office
n Sub-Branch Professionals
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
County (all in China, 2000)
Up to 1 Million
n District hospitals
n Specialist doctors
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
Commune (in Greater China 27,000)
Up to 60 thousand
Hospital and Health Center or the commune
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
the nurses, midwives
Production Team (All communard 5-20)
500-3.000
n Health station
n villagers Doctor
n Health Assistant
Production team (Each team in 10-30)
50-300
n villagers Doctor
n Health Assistant
Commune, a social unit in rural areas is self-sufficient. Communard agriculture, industry, trade, land-water protection, education, health, social and economic functions of all kinds, such as the organization is run. As collective property commune members, the government is not. The manufactured goods are the property komünün. Commune, identify and sell goods over the price earnings, at a rate of contribution is distributed among the members. Products outside of the income distribution than is collected in two fonda. These are investment funds and social prosperity. Culture, education, health assistance, job benefits, such as senile and can not see spending, social prosperity of the fund are met.
Table: 3 - in the city in the People's Republic of China Health Management
Organization of Layer
Population covered
Health institutions and personnel
Municipality
Up to 11 Million
the Special Branch and Education Hospital
the Public Health Office
n Sub-Branch Professionals
Region
Up to 900 thousand
n Area Hospitals
with the epidemic of War Central
n Specialist Doctors
Neighborhood
40.000-70.000
Neighborhood Health Center or the hospital
n the Western and Chinese Medicine Doctor of Public
n Assist Doctors
the nurses, midwives
Neighborhood Association
1.000-8.000
n Health Station
Health Workers in the Red
certain hours of the incoming physician
Public Groups
50-100
Communard population is very different. Population of 60,000 is up to the communard. Advanced communard a hospital, a health center is located in less developed communard. These hospitals and health centers in western medicine doctors studied medical and public works. These hospitals, laboratories and x-ray parts to maintain the level of a patient is satisfactory. Each production team and production team communard 5-20 in the production team is 10-30. A production team is usually mapped to a village and includes a population of 50-300. Assist physicians and health workers in these units to the villagers. Services, the station if necessary, and villagers are being carried out at home.
As for the city, district hospitals or health centers in each district are available. The other factory workers in the stations and duties of doctors sub-organization of the district, which covers a population of 1000-8000 in the neighboring units at particular times of day red health workers and health stations are the work of physicians. Health education and public services such as environmental health aspects of conducted in the district covering a population of 50-100 people, the bottom unit of the group. Each group responsible for their health will choose a medical assistant. This will help you organize the business in society.
At higher levels in rural areas, district hospitals and provincial hospitals communard vardır. These are much more advanced and specialized doctors working in sub-branch of the hospital. Cities and regions in the neighborhood over the region after the council has. Hospitals and public health at all levels are flat. Rural areas and upper levels of each hospital in the city will work with lower levels and that levels are responsible for in-service training of employees.
One of the characteristics of Chinese rule, a single organization for a service to society is not found. A service conducted by many organizations will cooperate. For example, health services and health organizations as well as women's federation to be conducted, workers unions, party organizations such as the organizations are also mission. The main task of the Party organizations of various organizations to coordinate services and to bring out misbehaviors. China is an important element of management "service leaders" (Cadre Personnel) dir. China manager, service team leaders to be trained to give great importance. These people are carefully selected and well trained technicians. These technical issues or how to do what can be done very well knows, are very resourceful and dynamic individuals.
Health services to develop the Soviet Union is the example of the health organizations were taken in 1949-1965 typically urban and industrial workers, especially on health services development, outbreaks of the disease to war, in every county west of the hospital-type samples by opening the services to spread to the environment, rural region, with mobile teams to bring services that are . Number of beds in hospitals 90,000 from 700,000 'e was increased.
In this period, the control of health problems for a short time with trained personnel was carried out campaigns of the population participated. One of them, and most importantly, is the campaign to improve environmental health conditions. Other captivity of opium, venereal diseases, prostitution and war campaigns şistozomyazis. China to review written by a Western doctor, the Chinese people won the great success of this campaign. All life allows women to earn their living by working is provided. Result of this campaign to end prostitution in China is over. Venereal (genital) diseases are the root of the starving. New born baby does not stay in Bel frostiness silver nitrate drops in the eyes of the applications have been abandoned.
As environmental health campaigns, the remaining three weeks in China during that time an author sees horn 3 and the other 4 clubs you see in 6 weeks, a third did not see no horn to me. And also a huge narcotics war Şistozomyazis was successful. Narcotics use, and one root Şistozomların kalmamıştır shaven.
In this period, significant achievements gained in the field of health at the beginning of 1960s but has been criticized as a serious health organizations. Criticism is collected in the following points:
a-The priority given to the city but the village could not be taken until the service.
Preventive medicine will be given to the importance of b-to said that in this area and to make some successful applications, the treatment in the field of medical research, training and implementation are given more importance. The merger of Western and Chinese folk medicine and folk medicine the important need to achieve is not important.
c-other countries, the application of the techniques can be adapted to Chinese conditions apply.
d-in management education and persuasion rather than to collective leadership and command must be applied to the way in the classical hierarchical order was established and the road has been doing business with the order.
e-drive instead of the standard to all services that are to be increased.
f-executives serve to establish a close relationship with the person. Opinion studies are considered more valuable body of work.
1965 Chairman Mao, the first movement as a cultural revolution in the health ministry was severely criticized in a way. Give importance to service in rural areas, the training is unnecessarily long, theoretical weight is given to education, preventive medicine, and research on diseases common to the Chairman Mao's criticism is not important. Ministry of Health was distributed during this period, as mentioned above also closed faculties, research published in journals has not been published. During this period, 20,000 doctors working in the city a few years or permanently to work in rural areas is the way. 1600 Number of mobile teams working in rural areas to be removed, one million peasants doctors, three million have been trained medical assistant. Both rural and urban areas in the medical care system, improved coordination and organization of this article described the health organizations have been established.
Finance 6.Sağlık Services:
Necessary for the health spending money in China come from three sources. One of them is to pay the public directly. 2 slots for all of health care (12 lira) gives. Also pays for each service a little. This payment will not prevent use of services is less. The second source, commune and factory are social security funds. This chocolate is usually a hospital for the hospital expenses. The third source, the government's budget is separate from the appropriations for health services. These payments, when required, or special programs to support local organizations, for example, family planning program, to be financed.
Health services costs and the high growth for each country and especially the chops for less developed countries, is a big problem. About the cost of health services in China to specify a number is not possible. However, according to Chinese health management in China the impression of viewing health care spending compared to other countries, and especially as a less than the government is not installed. The reason for this can be collected at three points:
Serving as a focus for services to medical workers and peasants will not make a special payment. They will receive their share of production, such as other friends. A peasant in the medical benefit of the 300 slots (1,800 lira) is. The fees paid to other health personnel to other countries is very low.
b-home and outpatient services and preventive medicine in the treatment is actually given priority.
c-acupuncture and herbs, made from extensive use of folk medicine, the pharmaceutical industry because drug spending is for profit also be running is very low compared to other countries.
4. Health manpower:
Health services staff in China Table: 1 shows:
Table: 1 - Health Personnel in the People's Republic of China
Full Day Staff Personnel
Employees as Additional Services
In his spare time to voluntary work
Top Layer
Peasants Physicians
Health assistants
Doctor of Western medicine
Workers Physicians
Stomatologlar
Red health workers
Farmakolog the
Doctor of Chinese folk medicine
Middle layer
Medical Assistant
Nurses
Midwives
Pharmacists
Technicians
Missionaries in China, the western type of medicine was founded by training and has been developed. 1950, the number of doctors trained in western-type was in the neighborhood of 20,000. "Liberation" after the definition of health personnel trained in the Soviet model was applied. For adults to educate faculty physicians, child health and illness for the medical faculty and public health physician is trained to educate faculty was established. Besides, helping the school was founded to educate physicians. Over the period 1949-1960, these examples are too many doctors trying to educate. Number of physicians in this period 20,000 of 150,000 e, 170,000 Number of physician assistant 'e, 185,000 Number of nurses' e, the number of midwives 40.000' e was increased. Despite this increase is very important, the number of health staff to meet China's needs were so far away.
In 1957-1959 "Great Forward roll" movement is the start of a new personnel policy, needs to be resolved at local level is seen arandığı way. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors" and begin to educate physicians, called the people to be doctors and mobile teams of health organizations to increase the occurrence of this period.
With the start of the 1965 cultural revolution, culture and health personnel working in the policy change has been great. Between the years 1965-1971 have been closed and faculty members of medical schools within the framework of a specific program in rural areas are 1-2 years. The goal is, to many people's needs, occupational problem for China's realities of the faculty members and students to enable them to see that China's health problems has been to decode grow. In 1971 with emphasis on practical training in medical school and 3-4 years in re-education has begun a program to educate physicians. This recovery of the profession of medicine (deprofessionalization) action is called. Three-year medical school in the first 4 months of basic medical sciences are taught, then rural areas in the health center to students master-apprentice method clinical and preventive medicine training is done in the second year training conducted in hospitals, the third year in the rural areas, health centers continues.
Selection method has been changed to medical school students. Each end of secondary education for at least three years younger in rural areas must work in production was adopted. Want to be the end of this period, and a young doctor working in the production team or a team of farmers, their higher education they choose for this young, doctors are able to enter medical school. Chance to enter medical school, doctors in villages and factories and working as a peasant or worker who is higher. Administrators, according to a person's physician to be intelligent and knowledgeable is not a student, loved by the people and believe that the one is important.
Against doctors in China needs to the most original and successful approach in the application peasants, workers and housewives from the selected service to the people who grow medicine. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors," he called it, people say they are farmers or workers, health services need to work out when to make health services. A separate charge for this service they do not, they have worked in the fields or the payment is made at the factory. 8-10 years, more than a million villagers have been trained doctors. Today, the doctors have been the backbone of China Health Management.
In 1973 the World Health Organization General Assembly, a peasant doctor participate in technical discussions, Meng Ching-yu, tasks are summarized as follows:
(1) Most of the thirty-disease treatment,
(2) First aid and minor surgery,
(3) Birth assistance,
(4) Physician's recommendation in accordance with the treatment of chronic patients at home,
(5) to carry out immunization services,
(6) Environmental health services to educate people and to carry out initial checks for these services to
(7) Herbs for medicines and folk medicine to prepare
(8) Acupuncture,
(9) Ring to teach the rules of personal hygiene,
(10) to make family planning education and practice,
(11) Ana-child health services to conduct,
(12) Doctors and hospitals require treatment by selecting the facts, health centers and hospitals to send.
The villagers are not standard medical education programs. Every place and every person or even a specific application is made. The issues are common, villagers trained in health services to be selected from amongst the villagers of the winter production done when the commune hospitals, health centers or for mobile team up 3-6 months after training back to the village and learn how and what can do it in the village of application. While working in the village hospital and health center serving the region in cooperation with physicians and continuing education services are at the very beginning. Knowledge and skills of doctors a few years, villagers in the winter months the hospital, health center or execution by the mobile teams is increasing.
These physicians to learn about what is taught them in the handbook topics Supplement: 1, and the use of drugs and supplies Supplement: 2 is presented. Of this list of books and the need for China is not standard, as mentioned above, in each place where it should be noted that applications are different from each other.
Such a training program will be directed to the first criticism, 3-4 month short-term education of a peasant, peasants, and doctors said Meng Ching-yu'nun how to do things mentioned above expected. This is the response: "3-4 months in the field of health education, all of a peasant can not do this job. Most times you can also make mistakes. However, the village will do something useful and accurate. Before that, he made nothing in the field of health is not in the village must not be forgotten. So this barefoot doctors, to develop health services in the village, would be more useful in 3-4 years. To understand the philosophy of health managers in China, think about this answer, and it must be evaluated. Çin'li desired for administrators, not the best to do a useful thing to do.
Peasants in villages where work of physicians in cities "Workers doctors" or "Health Workers for the Red" is. These factory workers, or are selected from among housewives. Peasants in rural areas than doctors in the health personnel are available. These are health and assist in the supervision of doctor services will see the villagers. These people are volunteers who work outside of business hours.
Chinese managers, the number of 500,000 'i find that people always have to take advantage of the doctor and ask them to teach techniques of western medicine have. In the period 1949-1965 have been working in this direction is the achievement after the start of the 1965 cultural revolution has been made. Currently, schools in China teach western medicine among the public schools are taught medicine. Public access to physicians in solo off from the direction of medical personnel is not clear, especially in rural areas, increasing public trust in health services has been effective. Because people trust doctors and the people know is that the villagers.
Table: 1 - Health Personnel in the People's Republic of China
Full Day Staff Personnel
Employees as Additional Services
In his spare time to voluntary work
Top Layer
Peasants Physicians
Health assistants
Doctor of Western medicine
Workers Physicians
Stomatologlar
Red health workers
Farmakolog the
Doctor of Chinese folk medicine
Middle layer
Medical Assistant
Nurses
Midwives
Pharmacists
Technicians
Missionaries in China, the western type of medicine was founded by training and has been developed. 1950, the number of doctors trained in western-type was in the neighborhood of 20,000. "Liberation" after the definition of health personnel trained in the Soviet model was applied. For adults to educate faculty physicians, child health and illness for the medical faculty and public health physician is trained to educate faculty was established. Besides, helping the school was founded to educate physicians. Over the period 1949-1960, these examples are too many doctors trying to educate. Number of physicians in this period 20,000 of 150,000 e, 170,000 Number of physician assistant 'e, 185,000 Number of nurses' e, the number of midwives 40.000' e was increased. Despite this increase is very important, the number of health staff to meet China's needs were so far away.
In 1957-1959 "Great Forward roll" movement is the start of a new personnel policy, needs to be resolved at local level is seen arandığı way. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors" and begin to educate physicians, called the people to be doctors and mobile teams of health organizations to increase the occurrence of this period.
With the start of the 1965 cultural revolution, culture and health personnel working in the policy change has been great. Between the years 1965-1971 have been closed and faculty members of medical schools within the framework of a specific program in rural areas are 1-2 years. The goal is, to many people's needs, occupational problem for China's realities of the faculty members and students to enable them to see that China's health problems has been to decode grow. In 1971 with emphasis on practical training in medical school and 3-4 years in re-education has begun a program to educate physicians. This recovery of the profession of medicine (deprofessionalization) action is called. Three-year medical school in the first 4 months of basic medical sciences are taught, then rural areas in the health center to students master-apprentice method clinical and preventive medicine training is done in the second year training conducted in hospitals, the third year in the rural areas, health centers continues.
Selection method has been changed to medical school students. Each end of secondary education for at least three years younger in rural areas must work in production was adopted. Want to be the end of this period, and a young doctor working in the production team or a team of farmers, their higher education they choose for this young, doctors are able to enter medical school. Chance to enter medical school, doctors in villages and factories and working as a peasant or worker who is higher. Administrators, according to a person's physician to be intelligent and knowledgeable is not a student, loved by the people and believe that the one is important.
Against doctors in China needs to the most original and successful approach in the application peasants, workers and housewives from the selected service to the people who grow medicine. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors," he called it, people say they are farmers or workers, health services need to work out when to make health services. A separate charge for this service they do not, they have worked in the fields or the payment is made at the factory. 8-10 years, more than a million villagers have been trained doctors. Today, the doctors have been the backbone of China Health Management.
In 1973 the World Health Organization General Assembly, a peasant doctor participate in technical discussions, Meng Ching-yu, tasks are summarized as follows:
(1) Most of the thirty-disease treatment,
(2) First aid and minor surgery,
(3) Birth assistance,
(4) Physician's recommendation in accordance with the treatment of chronic patients at home,
(5) to carry out immunization services,
(6) Environmental health services to educate people and to carry out initial checks for these services to
(7) Herbs for medicines and folk medicine to prepare
(8) Acupuncture,
(9) Ring to teach the rules of personal hygiene,
(10) to make family planning education and practice,
(11) Ana-child health services to conduct,
(12) Doctors and hospitals require treatment by selecting the facts, health centers and hospitals to send.
The villagers are not standard medical education programs. Every place and every person or even a specific application is made. The issues are common, villagers trained in health services to be selected from amongst the villagers of the winter production done when the commune hospitals, health centers or for mobile team up 3-6 months after training back to the village and learn how and what can do it in the village of application. While working in the village hospital and health center serving the region in cooperation with physicians and continuing education services are at the very beginning. Knowledge and skills of doctors a few years, villagers in the winter months the hospital, health center or execution by the mobile teams is increasing.
These physicians to learn about what is taught them in the handbook topics Supplement: 1, and the use of drugs and supplies Supplement: 2 is presented. Of this list of books and the need for China is not standard, as mentioned above, in each place where it should be noted that applications are different from each other.
Such a training program will be directed to the first criticism, 3-4 month short-term education of a peasant, peasants, and doctors said Meng Ching-yu'nun how to do things mentioned above expected. This is the response: "3-4 months in the field of health education, all of a peasant can not do this job. Most times you can also make mistakes. However, the village will do something useful and accurate. Before that, he made nothing in the field of health is not in the village must not be forgotten. So this barefoot doctors, to develop health services in the village, would be more useful in 3-4 years. To understand the philosophy of health managers in China, think about this answer, and it must be evaluated. Çin'li desired for administrators, not the best to do a useful thing to do.
Peasants in villages where work of physicians in cities "Workers doctors" or "Health Workers for the Red" is. These factory workers, or are selected from among housewives. Peasants in rural areas than doctors in the health personnel are available. These are health and assist in the supervision of doctor services will see the villagers. These people are volunteers who work outside of business hours.
Chinese managers, the number of 500,000 'i find that people always have to take advantage of the doctor and ask them to teach techniques of western medicine have. In the period 1949-1965 have been working in this direction is the achievement after the start of the 1965 cultural revolution has been made. Currently, schools in China teach western medicine among the public schools are taught medicine. Public access to physicians in solo off from the direction of medical personnel is not clear, especially in rural areas, increasing public trust in health services has been effective. Because people trust doctors and the people know is that the villagers.
In the People's Republic of China Health Management *
1.Introduction:
Less developed countries can not solve the problems of the health level of the country and everyone take health services. The reason for this failure of the health manpower and the inadequacy of economic power with nutrition, positive environment and relationship education with strict conditions, such as health there is also be changed. People's Republic of China, the least developed countries, such as between 10-15 years in a short time the country's health level is the only country that can bring services to everyone. This is the review of maintenance management and success of China health reasons saptanması is very useful for other less developed countries.
2.Eski China:
Republic of China in the field of health development to evaluate, "Independence" tan (Chinese in China, feudal and capitalist order to put an end to the "Salvation" is also. Western authors found that the incident with the same term to define.) Previous to the recall and to develop general socio - -economic framework to examine the benefits and there is no obligation. China is viewing the authors explained the old China "in China are often drought, floods and disasters such as typhoon, people will starve to death was convicted. Murder for a handful of rice in this period, not to die of hunger, eating human flesh was normal. "Natural disasters in the period to buy food for families sell their children or die. Scarcity periods often seen outside the big epidemic, and as long hiperandemik infection and parasitic diseases in the community would continue to erode. "Opium habit and prostitution in big cities, China's largest of the social and medical problems. In old China, especially the urban mess is indicated by a word: terrible. "Immediately after the liberation in China, in 1950, health services, but in cities and had a very limited extent. Population of 600 million are on the medical service in China including the number of trained health personnel was 32,000. Physician / population ratio was one to 25,000. "
Levels Affecting Health of China to 3.Çağdaş Development Management Policy:
Related to health management and health in China, the important principles of general management are:
a-The first priority should be given to the public the services. This principle is the philosophy of Mao Tse-Tung'un basis. As with all services in the health services is an important principle.
b-discuss and criticize the people in their own services should develop. This policy of the 1920s Mao Tse-Tung and friends have established China's northern province of management Kiangsi'de has not changed since. Chairman Mao, workers and farmers are required to solve their own problems, but to the government's own guidance, and some may make the necessary help.
China Administrators, the role of people in development countries are mentioned in the following way: Information from lethargic to win half of the people must awaken, their power to use them for upgrades and recovery encouraged. If the people in decision-making process takes place, new things to gain the courage to do, be an interest in government affairs, criticized the attempt to find the truth and doing superstitious side at a revolution of society and if the potential leap forward like a volcano explodes.
c-immediately after China's establishment, in 1950, collected the National Health Committee, health management has been identified the following principles:
(1) Workers, peasants and soldiers in the service should be given priority,
(2) should be given priority to the protection,
(3) Western medicine and Chinese medicine for the people must be united,
(4) Public health services should be applied to mass movement.
Implementation services to the mass movement implied, that all the people all the different ways people affect the right of management support and the problem is resolved with the administration of the public. These campaigns "for home health movement" name is given. First of this campaign, to bring the environment into a positive situation in 1952 has launched the campaign. Objectives, cities and villages and drinking water to prevent mixing with the faeces, housefly, mosquitoes, and rats destroy the wood to dry.
d-for each service by itself should be sufficient in China. These principles, particularly in 1966 when the Soviet Union to help China cut and often repeated after withdrawal of technical personnel and a policy has been given much importance.
e-as in all social policy, health policy to achieve success in the implementation of the following three conditions are:
(1) Government organization, applicable policies to understand the people in the unit to the point of contact with the same understanding and knowledge that can spread in nature, should be
(2) Policy for the implementation of the necessary facilities should be provided,
(3) Implementation of the policy community or cultural values should not be contrary to the very values of society in the direction of changing this policy must be provided through training.
f-with people who serve the public should minimize the social distance. These principles, the principles of Chinese managers are very important. People, especially the peasants and the urban-social distance between the two to minimize the application has started "" From down here, "and" Nagorno and rural area to the task to Go "campaign. "From below" campaign, administration officials at high levels for some time further down there are being assigned to jobs away from people trying to prevent managers are derived. Another application of this campaign, while the body shape everyone is making craftsmanship. "" Dağlık and rural area to the task to Go "campaign to finish primary and secondary education of young people who go to rural areas as required and there are at least three years work. At the end of this period, they work with high school students to see the villagers they deem suitable to return to the city and sees higher education. 40 million young people between the years 1955-1965 went to rural areas. The purpose of this campaign, these young people to teach literacy to peasants, agriculture and other services to assist in the development of peasant and urban youth with Chairman Mao's words, by re-educating villagers.
g-city to be the front. China's social policies to facilitate the city is one of prevention. This application is the application of measures for each household over the exact placement saptanması anyone without permission from the government replaced the. Furthermore, those who have migrated to urban villages to return to the rural areas "where he was born and returned to join the production" campaign is being carried out.
h-management should be desantralize. Management is one of the most important principles Desantralizasyon China. 800 million population is 200 people in the work of the Ministry of Health in China, gives a good idea of desantralizasyonun width. How a business being conducted, what will be the standard, including the smallest administrative unit is determined by. Therefore, except for general principles applied in China is impossible to make generalizations about.
i-Bürokratizm should fight. Especially during the 1965 revolution, the culture war against bürokratizme opened. Command to (comandism) to remove and replace "Kollektif Leadership" and "Education and the Order Trust" has been given the importance of the establishment. Collective leadership, a service workers of all persons involved in decisions execution means.
j-priority should be given to rural Bölgeninin the resolution of health problems. Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution in 1965 in this policy assert that is a policy.
k-Population growth must be controlled. According to China's population policy, terms of population growth are identified as acceleration or deceleration. However, the general policy to stabilize China's population has been directed to. Acceleration of population growth and population policy for ethnic minorities in areas where very little is being implemented. Pronatalist population policy is applied, very small proportion compared to antinatalist policy is applied. Reducing population growth policies among the countries of the profit to be China's most successful countries must be specified. Chinese population policies "Late, Seyrek and small as to indicate. "Late" to delay the age of marriage, "Rarely", birth spacing and the extension of the "small", not more than two means have children. The control of fertility on the family has a heavy social pressure. Late marriage has become a fashion. Neighborhood children have more than two women who are dispraise and find it embarrassing. Married women who are going to do and how many children they will bear when they are already designed and discussed with women in the same place when the unit is determined to deliver. Remaining outside of the time pregnant women identify the children are decreasing.
"To save women's" movement also plays an important role in fertility control: women's rescue, the People's Republic of China and a large fastidiousness implementation managers believe is a revolution. Married a girl in the old Chinese culture, and the brother of the father, married woman, her husband and a woman or widow, her son is also used to overpower. A married woman, her husband and the husband or the good of the family do have to accept everything that was bad. Had no right to ask for divorce. First important step in the recognition of women's rights adopted in 1950 the age of marriage. However, the Chinese managers of production and work of women as men participate in housework and taking the equality of the extent of the right to reduce the time to know and you are trying to provide.
Less developed countries can not solve the problems of the health level of the country and everyone take health services. The reason for this failure of the health manpower and the inadequacy of economic power with nutrition, positive environment and relationship education with strict conditions, such as health there is also be changed. People's Republic of China, the least developed countries, such as between 10-15 years in a short time the country's health level is the only country that can bring services to everyone. This is the review of maintenance management and success of China health reasons saptanması is very useful for other less developed countries.
2.Eski China:
Republic of China in the field of health development to evaluate, "Independence" tan (Chinese in China, feudal and capitalist order to put an end to the "Salvation" is also. Western authors found that the incident with the same term to define.) Previous to the recall and to develop general socio - -economic framework to examine the benefits and there is no obligation. China is viewing the authors explained the old China "in China are often drought, floods and disasters such as typhoon, people will starve to death was convicted. Murder for a handful of rice in this period, not to die of hunger, eating human flesh was normal. "Natural disasters in the period to buy food for families sell their children or die. Scarcity periods often seen outside the big epidemic, and as long hiperandemik infection and parasitic diseases in the community would continue to erode. "Opium habit and prostitution in big cities, China's largest of the social and medical problems. In old China, especially the urban mess is indicated by a word: terrible. "Immediately after the liberation in China, in 1950, health services, but in cities and had a very limited extent. Population of 600 million are on the medical service in China including the number of trained health personnel was 32,000. Physician / population ratio was one to 25,000. "
Levels Affecting Health of China to 3.Çağdaş Development Management Policy:
Related to health management and health in China, the important principles of general management are:
a-The first priority should be given to the public the services. This principle is the philosophy of Mao Tse-Tung'un basis. As with all services in the health services is an important principle.
b-discuss and criticize the people in their own services should develop. This policy of the 1920s Mao Tse-Tung and friends have established China's northern province of management Kiangsi'de has not changed since. Chairman Mao, workers and farmers are required to solve their own problems, but to the government's own guidance, and some may make the necessary help.
China Administrators, the role of people in development countries are mentioned in the following way: Information from lethargic to win half of the people must awaken, their power to use them for upgrades and recovery encouraged. If the people in decision-making process takes place, new things to gain the courage to do, be an interest in government affairs, criticized the attempt to find the truth and doing superstitious side at a revolution of society and if the potential leap forward like a volcano explodes.
c-immediately after China's establishment, in 1950, collected the National Health Committee, health management has been identified the following principles:
(1) Workers, peasants and soldiers in the service should be given priority,
(2) should be given priority to the protection,
(3) Western medicine and Chinese medicine for the people must be united,
(4) Public health services should be applied to mass movement.
Implementation services to the mass movement implied, that all the people all the different ways people affect the right of management support and the problem is resolved with the administration of the public. These campaigns "for home health movement" name is given. First of this campaign, to bring the environment into a positive situation in 1952 has launched the campaign. Objectives, cities and villages and drinking water to prevent mixing with the faeces, housefly, mosquitoes, and rats destroy the wood to dry.
d-for each service by itself should be sufficient in China. These principles, particularly in 1966 when the Soviet Union to help China cut and often repeated after withdrawal of technical personnel and a policy has been given much importance.
e-as in all social policy, health policy to achieve success in the implementation of the following three conditions are:
(1) Government organization, applicable policies to understand the people in the unit to the point of contact with the same understanding and knowledge that can spread in nature, should be
(2) Policy for the implementation of the necessary facilities should be provided,
(3) Implementation of the policy community or cultural values should not be contrary to the very values of society in the direction of changing this policy must be provided through training.
f-with people who serve the public should minimize the social distance. These principles, the principles of Chinese managers are very important. People, especially the peasants and the urban-social distance between the two to minimize the application has started "" From down here, "and" Nagorno and rural area to the task to Go "campaign. "From below" campaign, administration officials at high levels for some time further down there are being assigned to jobs away from people trying to prevent managers are derived. Another application of this campaign, while the body shape everyone is making craftsmanship. "" Dağlık and rural area to the task to Go "campaign to finish primary and secondary education of young people who go to rural areas as required and there are at least three years work. At the end of this period, they work with high school students to see the villagers they deem suitable to return to the city and sees higher education. 40 million young people between the years 1955-1965 went to rural areas. The purpose of this campaign, these young people to teach literacy to peasants, agriculture and other services to assist in the development of peasant and urban youth with Chairman Mao's words, by re-educating villagers.
g-city to be the front. China's social policies to facilitate the city is one of prevention. This application is the application of measures for each household over the exact placement saptanması anyone without permission from the government replaced the. Furthermore, those who have migrated to urban villages to return to the rural areas "where he was born and returned to join the production" campaign is being carried out.
h-management should be desantralize. Management is one of the most important principles Desantralizasyon China. 800 million population is 200 people in the work of the Ministry of Health in China, gives a good idea of desantralizasyonun width. How a business being conducted, what will be the standard, including the smallest administrative unit is determined by. Therefore, except for general principles applied in China is impossible to make generalizations about.
i-Bürokratizm should fight. Especially during the 1965 revolution, the culture war against bürokratizme opened. Command to (comandism) to remove and replace "Kollektif Leadership" and "Education and the Order Trust" has been given the importance of the establishment. Collective leadership, a service workers of all persons involved in decisions execution means.
j-priority should be given to rural Bölgeninin the resolution of health problems. Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution in 1965 in this policy assert that is a policy.
k-Population growth must be controlled. According to China's population policy, terms of population growth are identified as acceleration or deceleration. However, the general policy to stabilize China's population has been directed to. Acceleration of population growth and population policy for ethnic minorities in areas where very little is being implemented. Pronatalist population policy is applied, very small proportion compared to antinatalist policy is applied. Reducing population growth policies among the countries of the profit to be China's most successful countries must be specified. Chinese population policies "Late, Seyrek and small as to indicate. "Late" to delay the age of marriage, "Rarely", birth spacing and the extension of the "small", not more than two means have children. The control of fertility on the family has a heavy social pressure. Late marriage has become a fashion. Neighborhood children have more than two women who are dispraise and find it embarrassing. Married women who are going to do and how many children they will bear when they are already designed and discussed with women in the same place when the unit is determined to deliver. Remaining outside of the time pregnant women identify the children are decreasing.
"To save women's" movement also plays an important role in fertility control: women's rescue, the People's Republic of China and a large fastidiousness implementation managers believe is a revolution. Married a girl in the old Chinese culture, and the brother of the father, married woman, her husband and a woman or widow, her son is also used to overpower. A married woman, her husband and the husband or the good of the family do have to accept everything that was bad. Had no right to ask for divorce. First important step in the recognition of women's rights adopted in 1950 the age of marriage. However, the Chinese managers of production and work of women as men participate in housework and taking the equality of the extent of the right to reduce the time to know and you are trying to provide.
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer in which malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the body's internal organs. Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles.
- What is the mesothelium?
- What is mesothelioma?
- How common is mesothelioma?
- What are the risk factors for mesothelioma?
- Who is at increased risk for developing mesothelioma?
- What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?
- How is mesothelioma diagnosed?
- How is mesothelioma treated?
- Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. The doctor may remove part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.
- Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found (internal radiation therapy).
- Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most drugs used to treat mesothelioma are given by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy).
- Are new treatments for mesothelioma being studied?
The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells: One layer immediately surrounds the organ; the other forms a sac around it. The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures.
The mesothelium has different names, depending on its location in the body. The peritoneum is the mesothelial tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the wall of the chest cavity. The pericardium covers and protects the heart. The mesothelial tissue surrounding the male internal reproductive organs is called the tunica vaginalis testis. The tunica serosa uteri covers the internal reproductive organs in women.
Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum.
Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age.
Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.
Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.
Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the air passageways in the lung.
Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.
The risk of asbestos-related disease increases with heavier exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, some individuals with only brief exposures have developed mesothelioma. On the other hand, not all workers who are heavily exposed develop asbestos-related diseases.
There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.
Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.
These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to see a doctor about any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis.
Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete physical examination may be performed, including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI may also be useful. A CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed.
A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer) removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a peritoneoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument called a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.
If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of the disease. Staging involves more tests in a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.
Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.
Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and general health. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, these treatments are combined.
To relieve symptoms and control pain, the doctor may use a needle or a thin tube to drain fluid that has built up in the chest or abdomen. The procedure for removing fluid from the chest is called thoracentesis. Removal of fluid from the abdomen is called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through a tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Radiation therapy and surgery may also be helpful in relieving symptoms.
Yes. Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (research studies with people) that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma.
People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available from the Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below) at 1–800–4–CANCER. Information specialists at the CIS use PDQ®, NCI's cancer information database, to identify and provide detailed information about specific ongoing clinical trials. Patients also have the option of searching for clinical trials on their own. The clinical trials page on the NCI's Cancer.gov Web site, located at http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials on the Internet, provides general information about clinical trials and links to PDQ.
People considering clinical trials may be interested in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. This booklet describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. The booklet is available by calling the CIS, or from the NCI Publications Locator Web site at http://www.cancer.gov/publications on the Internet.
# # #
Related NCI materials and Web pages:
- National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet 3.21, Asbestos Exposure: Questions and Answers
(http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestos) - Clinical Trials Home Page
(http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials) - Malignant Mesothelioma Home Page (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/malignantmesothelioma)
- Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies
(http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/Taking-Part-in-Cancer-Treatment-Research-Studies)
For more help, contact:
- NCI's Cancer Information Service
Telephone (toll-free): 1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237)
TTY (toll-free): 1–800–332–8615
LiveHelp® online chat: https://cissecure.nci.nih.gov/livehelp/welcome.asp
Benign cystic mesothelioma
Benign cystic mesotheliomalar (BCM) nadir
It is a common lesion. Patients in the history of
patogenez and prognosis differ mostly in
thesis is defended. BCM first time in 1979
And is defined by Smith Mennemeyer.
Multikistik peritoneal mesothelioma, peritoneum of the cystic
mesothelioması, multiokuler cysts of the peritoneum,
multikistik mesothelioma and peritoneal multiokuler
inklüzyon kisti
Other names used are
forms olmuştur. Multible, thin-walled, frajil a
structure of the large mass of the abdomen
oluşturabilmektedir.
Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Separator
In recognition sarcomas, lymphoma and Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
Just as surgery düşünülmelidir.Tedavi method
at a rate of recurrence has been reported, but there is 50%.
Sıklıklayerleştiğiyerler; over, falloptüpleri, column,
cul de sac and pelvis is the base. Dimensions 0.3 cm and 15
cmarasındadeğişebilmektedir.
Both are very rare in men with
can be seen in the breed. Usually fertile
are seen in women and 1998 since
Total 130 cases have been reported in English literature.
These are only 19 male patients. Literature
reviewed by the rare, mature men
Besides that, the placement of peritoneal malignant and selim tümöral audience to distinguish the importance
nedeniylesunulmuştur
15-year-old male patient with abdominal pain and right lower
was admitted to our clinic because of the sensitivity dial.
Stories, the two-day loss of appetite and nausea vomiting
was available. Physical examination in the right lower quadrant
sensitivity of patients with bowel sounds present
routine, had no defense and rebound. Acute appendicitis front
the patients were diagnosed pancakes. Configuration of examinations
The white sphere is 76% 8800/mm ³ and granulocyte
other routine examinations were normal except for. Configuration
ultrasonography (USG) 'de; ilia vascular structures
The reshuffle of the medial area of the iliopsoas muscle
In the neighborhood of about 57x22x16 mm
In the septasyonları and thin ekojeniteleri
complicated in view of the fluid collection was identified.
And bladder in the neighborhood also trasede ilia
multible lenfadenopatiler (lap) seen. "Perforated
appendicitis? "has been reported as (Figure 1.2). A
In the next report "hydatid cyst?" de
were normal, but multiple appendiks lap.
Observation of the patient, except in the right lower quadrant pain
USG findings and reports be determined because of different patient diagnostic information
has been scheduled for laparaskopi. General anesthesia
six 1 cm below the belly of the camera insizyondan
was entered. Looked at in the right neighborhood pelviste bladder
The cystic structures were observed on multible peritoneum. And other Western bodies Appendiks salim
as was observed. Then right-va left 5mm'lik trokar
After entering the cystic lesions of the lower quadrant
to complete by being perforated with peritoneal
been removed (Picture3). Be done to identify pathological
reported as a result of benign cystic mesothelioma
edildi. Smooth as the first postoperative day the patient
taburcuedildi.3aysonrakontroleçağrıldı.
BCM mezotelyumdan from peritoneal
tumoral is a rare occurrence. Etiology of
There is no definite information. Often, early or
the age of fertility is higher for women
seen in male patients but also has been reported.
Connected with malignant Asbestozise a clear mesothelioma
relationship-although, even if it has been reported 2 patients
has not been shown. In the stories of patients often
not the surgical operations, or endometriozis
is an inflammatory event. BCM a reactive
is considered as events and malignant transformation
expected. Metastasis is reported so far
is not.
Abdominal distension and masses in the form of
Discharge is the most common findings. Rare as
karınağrısıilekarşımızaçıkar. Bizimolgumuzdasağ
lower quadrant pain with the present findings, such as a rare
olmuştur. However Tangjitgamol et al. 'T say
not a specific finding as preoperative diagnosis
nedeniylemümkünolmamaktadır.
Anekoik with imaging techniques, low
reported as mass density or cystic hipointense
are. We also as a result USG cystic
characters are defined by the audience. The specific
view of the findings; invasion without mass
Depending on the size of the distortion around the structure
is doing. Abdominal into us, the grapes
as a bunch of thin-walled, fluid-filled interior of the serous
out as the formation of various sizes. Our
Although it is small, white grape olgumuzda
salkımıgörüntüsümevcuttu.
Diagnostic imaging techniques, except in the thin
needle aspiration biopsy has been applied, but non
Except mezotelyal cells specific findings
as a useful means to identify preoperative
It is not.
In the differential diagnosis of cystic Hygroma, endometriozis,
retroperitonu tutan müllerian cyst, cystic adenomatoid
tumors, cystic mezonefrik duktus residues and
formation of benign cystic form endosalpingiozisin
should be considered as pathological in bakılan. As malignant
ise; mesothelioma and peritoneal malignant serous and kicking
tümörlerdüşünülmelidir.
Surgical resection is the most effective treatment methods.
Not be removed if the recurrence is often OK.
For this aggressive surgical approach kistoredüktif
with peritonektomi is recommended. We
Because of the small mass limit clean surgery to remove the entire laparaskopik way we did it.
If a second surgical attempt to detect the recurrence
yerineantiöstrojenlerveyagonadotropinanaloglarıile
hormonal therapy, intraperitoneal hipertermik
chemotherapy and tetrasiklinle sikleroterapi
is recommended. However, success is variable. Benign
after surgery due to be in natur Adjuvan
olarakkemoterapiveradyoterapiönerilmemektedir.
As a result, good-natured with a tümöral structure
BCM, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, despite
treatment is possible with resection method.
Cystic appearance must occur in the presence
mutlakatümüyleçıkarılmalıdır.
Bibliography
1. Mennemeyer R, Smith M. Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: A report with electron microscopy of a case mimicking intraabdominal cystic hygroma (lymphangioma).Cancer1979;44:692. 2. Akata D, Arat A, Ozdogan M. Benign cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Abdom Imaging 1999;24:188. 3. Tangjitgamol S, Erlichman J, Northrup H, Malpica A, Wang X, Lee E, et al. Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: cases reports in the family with diverticulosis and literature review. Int J Gynecol Cancer2005;15:1101-7. 4. O'Neil JD, Ros PR, Storm BL, Buck JL, Wilkinson EJ. Cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Radiology 1989;170:333-7. 5. Samson P, Cacala S. Rare case of benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma. A letter. ANZ J Surg 2005; 75(7):619-20. 6. Safioleas MC, Kontzoglou C, Stamakos M, Glaslakiotis K, Safioleas C, Kostakis A. Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma:Acase report and review of the literature.World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(35):5739-42
It is a common lesion. Patients in the history of
patogenez and prognosis differ mostly in
thesis is defended. BCM first time in 1979
And is defined by Smith Mennemeyer.
Multikistik peritoneal mesothelioma, peritoneum of the cystic
mesothelioması, multiokuler cysts of the peritoneum,
multikistik mesothelioma and peritoneal multiokuler
inklüzyon kisti
Other names used are
forms olmuştur. Multible, thin-walled, frajil a
structure of the large mass of the abdomen
oluşturabilmektedir.
Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Separator
In recognition sarcomas, lymphoma and Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
Just as surgery düşünülmelidir.Tedavi method
at a rate of recurrence has been reported, but there is 50%.
Sıklıklayerleştiğiyerler; over, falloptüpleri, column,
cul de sac and pelvis is the base. Dimensions 0.3 cm and 15
cmarasındadeğişebilmektedir.
Both are very rare in men with
can be seen in the breed. Usually fertile
are seen in women and 1998 since
Total 130 cases have been reported in English literature.
These are only 19 male patients. Literature
reviewed by the rare, mature men
Besides that, the placement of peritoneal malignant and selim tümöral audience to distinguish the importance
nedeniylesunulmuştur
15-year-old male patient with abdominal pain and right lower
was admitted to our clinic because of the sensitivity dial.
Stories, the two-day loss of appetite and nausea vomiting
was available. Physical examination in the right lower quadrant
sensitivity of patients with bowel sounds present
routine, had no defense and rebound. Acute appendicitis front
the patients were diagnosed pancakes. Configuration of examinations
The white sphere is 76% 8800/mm ³ and granulocyte
other routine examinations were normal except for. Configuration
ultrasonography (USG) 'de; ilia vascular structures
The reshuffle of the medial area of the iliopsoas muscle
In the neighborhood of about 57x22x16 mm
In the septasyonları and thin ekojeniteleri
complicated in view of the fluid collection was identified.
And bladder in the neighborhood also trasede ilia
multible lenfadenopatiler (lap) seen. "Perforated
appendicitis? "has been reported as (Figure 1.2). A
In the next report "hydatid cyst?" de
were normal, but multiple appendiks lap.
Observation of the patient, except in the right lower quadrant pain
USG findings and reports be determined because of different patient diagnostic information
has been scheduled for laparaskopi. General anesthesia
six 1 cm below the belly of the camera insizyondan
was entered. Looked at in the right neighborhood pelviste bladder
The cystic structures were observed on multible peritoneum. And other Western bodies Appendiks salim
as was observed. Then right-va left 5mm'lik trokar
After entering the cystic lesions of the lower quadrant
to complete by being perforated with peritoneal
been removed (Picture3). Be done to identify pathological
reported as a result of benign cystic mesothelioma
edildi. Smooth as the first postoperative day the patient
taburcuedildi.3aysonrakontroleçağrıldı.
BCM mezotelyumdan from peritoneal
tumoral is a rare occurrence. Etiology of
There is no definite information. Often, early or
the age of fertility is higher for women
seen in male patients but also has been reported.
Connected with malignant Asbestozise a clear mesothelioma
relationship-although, even if it has been reported 2 patients
has not been shown. In the stories of patients often
not the surgical operations, or endometriozis
is an inflammatory event. BCM a reactive
is considered as events and malignant transformation
expected. Metastasis is reported so far
is not.
Abdominal distension and masses in the form of
Discharge is the most common findings. Rare as
karınağrısıilekarşımızaçıkar. Bizimolgumuzdasağ
lower quadrant pain with the present findings, such as a rare
olmuştur. However Tangjitgamol et al. 'T say
not a specific finding as preoperative diagnosis
nedeniylemümkünolmamaktadır.
Anekoik with imaging techniques, low
reported as mass density or cystic hipointense
are. We also as a result USG cystic
characters are defined by the audience. The specific
view of the findings; invasion without mass
Depending on the size of the distortion around the structure
is doing. Abdominal into us, the grapes
as a bunch of thin-walled, fluid-filled interior of the serous
out as the formation of various sizes. Our
Although it is small, white grape olgumuzda
salkımıgörüntüsümevcuttu.
Diagnostic imaging techniques, except in the thin
needle aspiration biopsy has been applied, but non
Except mezotelyal cells specific findings
as a useful means to identify preoperative
It is not.
In the differential diagnosis of cystic Hygroma, endometriozis,
retroperitonu tutan müllerian cyst, cystic adenomatoid
tumors, cystic mezonefrik duktus residues and
formation of benign cystic form endosalpingiozisin
should be considered as pathological in bakılan. As malignant
ise; mesothelioma and peritoneal malignant serous and kicking
tümörlerdüşünülmelidir.
Surgical resection is the most effective treatment methods.
Not be removed if the recurrence is often OK.
For this aggressive surgical approach kistoredüktif
with peritonektomi is recommended. We
Because of the small mass limit clean surgery to remove the entire laparaskopik way we did it.
If a second surgical attempt to detect the recurrence
yerineantiöstrojenlerveyagonadotropinanaloglarıile
hormonal therapy, intraperitoneal hipertermik
chemotherapy and tetrasiklinle sikleroterapi
is recommended. However, success is variable. Benign
after surgery due to be in natur Adjuvan
olarakkemoterapiveradyoterapiönerilmemektedir.
As a result, good-natured with a tümöral structure
BCM, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, despite
treatment is possible with resection method.
Cystic appearance must occur in the presence
mutlakatümüyleçıkarılmalıdır.
Bibliography
What is mesothelioma?
Is a natural silicate mineral asbestos with people because of the combination does not transmit heat started in the old ages. On the ninth hundred years in the second half of the next industrial revolution, heat, electricity, friction, and is resistant to acid because many businesses are using the "magic mineral" as is the twentieth in the face of the second half after being karsinojenik emerged, the name "deadly dust" has been.
Asbestos as a solid physical structure (amphibol) and curve-fiber (chrysotile) has two types. Amphibol of asbestos, according to chemical structure, crocidolite (blue asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), tremolit to anthophollite and actinolite varieties are available. Industries most frequently used in chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite were denominated. These are the most dangerous for health and crocidolite were banned in many countries using amosite'nin. 90% of the asbestos industry in many countries, including chrysotile, but is prohibited in some countries is less controversial karsinojenisitesi are used under strict control.
Asbestos disease can only enters the body through breathing. Caused diseases, may be benign or malignant. In the first group, plevrada fibrosis, calcification, effüzyon; parankima in lung fibrosis (asbestosis) is located. In the second group, the malignant mezotelyomaları pleura and peritoneum, lung cancer and even if less is available larenks and cancer of the digestive organs. No non-smoker and non-industrial relations risk of lung cancer in people 1 is approved, this rate 45'e who smokes 20 a day, and smoking, but also the 92 times out who is breathing asbestos dust. With smoking and asbestos are carcinogenic for human health when minerals can be very dangerous. In Turkey, smoking rates of men in rural areas and find the% 70'lerin however breathing asbestos fibers that have the higher our people would say the chances of cancer, you'll catch.
To make a benign or beneficial owner of the asbestos diseases, has been left to take a period of 20-40. People asbestos, work environment (vocational or occupational) or environmental (environmental or Domestic) way to breathe. Az da olsa, asbestos workers who have stuck to the powder of the clothes at home that relatives can breathe it in as indirek directly or to the left is called asbestos paraoccupational way.
In Central Anatolia in Turkey approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas are considered to have. These are approximately 25% of asbestos depends on over the age of twenty Plevral disease are benign. This ratio as a linear increase as the years progress, and can reach the 80's%. Asbestos is also mezotelyoma it is aklamMaliğn. In the Western world mezotelyoma incidence of malignant 1-2.2 / 1,000,000 / year in Turkey, while at least 500 persons per year are seen in this disease. Western countries have retired asbestos worker malignant disease mezotelyoma, our country is in middle age disease. We the people of our rural areas, environmental asbestos-Domestic way to breathe. Reported above, the most number of years it could happen by the left vocational asbestos. That is, vocational disease of the western world, our environment is our disease. Central Anatolian origin is actually working in Europe to receive compensation for their workers per mezotelyomaya shot was caught when the asbestos that accept and lungs were found in the Anatolian territories show that the request can not be accepted as tremolit. Asbestos-related diseases in workers in Europe, "Imported asbestos" and running a shameful situation, it is funny.
Turkey is working in the same confusion that is. Asbestos is processed in a factory work related illness occurs employer-worker is the problem. Asbestos workers to patients has come from his village, or did you work?
In Turkey to the left of asbestos fibers, asbestos in the white ground, "Ak soil," the heavens earth "," Ceren earth "" Çelpek "with various names, lime, plaster, roof and ground floor is used as is. Used for this purpose in the villages of Anatolia, most of the land in the industrial value of any non-asbestos tremolit have to. This type of asbestos fiber, just like blue and brown asbestos thin or thick can be long.
Asbestos, environmental way our country is connected to the left peak of disease in the region: Mihallıççik districts and villages of Eskişehir and Konya Ereğli'sinin Ayrancı Halkapınar and villages, of Çankırı Ilgaz and Şabanözü Sorgun village and district of Yozgat and villages, and Yıldızeli of Sivas Şarkışla villages, west of Diyarbakir in South Eastern Anatolia region Ergani and villages, Polu Mine and villages of Elazığ, Malatya, Adiyaman and Urfa district includes the Siverek. Coast of the Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia regions in residential areas do not have asbestos-related diseases. Connected to the asbestos left several villages in Thrace Plevral benign changes are found. Only in the villages in the Aegean region Denizli'in Tavas County, Burdur's Yeşilova region, and the Gediz Aslanapa district of Kütahya, Afyon district's Elmadag about asbestos disease was found sporadically in the villages. Mediterranean region, the slope of the Taurus Mountains in the villages and some villages of Hatay Kirikhan and Reyhanlı soil drink the above mentioned tremolit way asbestos is used by the left end of the air within the environment to develop diseases related asbesle.
The 30 species of natural zeolit'lerin a aluminosilikat crystallize only in erionite and mordenite lifsel structure. The crystal structure alone is erionite'in epidemiological lifsel, in vivo and in vitro has been shown to be as karsinojenik and fibrojenik. So far, the most potent carcinogen known Erionite'nin a mineral that is connected to the World Health Organization, the International Cancer Research Agency (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has been adopted by.
Thousands of years ago, Erciyes, Hasandağı and the volcanic lava of nearby mountains covered Melendiz that foreigners Cappadocia, Goreme said we are in the unique natural wonders of the geological structure has emerged. The region's only three-place, water and salt into the reaction of volcanic lava chabazite, clinopitololite create and crystallize as lifsel structure where erionite'nin Karain, Sarıhıdır villages and is located Tuzköy. To all of the diseases of asbestos Erionite'nin caused Göreme region has to face the day with work. This area is separate from the three villages in the other villages is infrequent, and peritoneal malignant Plevral has been shown by us to be mezotelyoma endemisi. The average age of patients from the region mezotelyomalı most people 50 and 26, were the oldest is 75. In both men and women and Disease was seen. Interesting side of the business, the disease was seen in a way more intense in some families. A family with the lymphoma mezotelyoma Plevral and peritoneal, liver cancer, bone sarcoma, tumors such as non-mezotelyoma were seen. On these observations formed the basis of cancer, although genetic predisposition factors erionite also suggests additional factors may be as effective.
Göremenin Karain, Tuzköy and the proportional mortality studies Sarıhıdır villages, the first of two who died in a village in the fact that 70% died from malignant disease has been revealed. However Kızırmağın the oldest settlements in the south of the river flooding and falling rocks in the back of people and animals by causing loss of time due to the government in 1958 villages of the north side of the river in the brick, briquette made with materials such as new home has to be moved. Be below 50% of Sarıhıdır'daki mortality rate is probably related. All patients except one in this village was born in the old villages were individuals. This event Göreme'deki the problem of cancer, but show the villages can be solved through a change of location.
Cancer Göreme'deki people in villages, houses and garden walls of the building blocks that slide into the water to breathe in erionit'ten. Bronchi of the patient and provide sekresyonunda, breathing the air in the house and in the lungs is similar to the erionite fibers and asbestos cisimcik shows zeolite cisimcik. Today only 35 digits of a village that has become a large part Karainliler'ın, for various reasons, domestic and foreign locations to maintain life. After finishing elementary school, even separated from the village who goes to the world, wherever you are mezotelyoma risk.
Mesothelioma Treatment Methods
1. İmmünoterapi and / or combination chemotherapy
Ex: + IFN-a combination of cisplatin,
cisplatin + mitomisin - C + IFN-a combination,
IL-2 or IFN-g intrakaviter,
intralezyoner GM-CSF infusion,
2. Photodynamic therapy
3. Gene therapy
4. Selective receptors for growth or antagonistic treatment faktöıü
5. Plörektomi / intrakaviter chemotherapy / postoperative chemotherapy / radiotherapy preventif
Median 4-12 months after diagnosis MPM'de between sağkalım are reported.
At the moment not possible to talk about curing the disease is below 5% in five years of life.
Treatment cases are reported with long-lived.
Prognostic factors in the life time is effective.
Can not be used in response to PA lung graph treatment.
For phase MPM'de "International mesothelioma Interest Group" (IMIG) prepared by the phase recommended for use (Table 4).
For less than the number of Olgu treatment is difficult to comment about. Studies suggest that at least 15 patients are. This case centered on the work should come into question.
Asbestos as a solid physical structure (amphibol) and curve-fiber (chrysotile) has two types. Amphibol of asbestos, according to chemical structure, crocidolite (blue asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), tremolit to anthophollite and actinolite varieties are available. Industries most frequently used in chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite were denominated. These are the most dangerous for health and crocidolite were banned in many countries using amosite'nin. 90% of the asbestos industry in many countries, including chrysotile, but is prohibited in some countries is less controversial karsinojenisitesi are used under strict control.
Asbestos disease can only enters the body through breathing. Caused diseases, may be benign or malignant. In the first group, plevrada fibrosis, calcification, effüzyon; parankima in lung fibrosis (asbestosis) is located. In the second group, the malignant mezotelyomaları pleura and peritoneum, lung cancer and even if less is available larenks and cancer of the digestive organs. No non-smoker and non-industrial relations risk of lung cancer in people 1 is approved, this rate 45'e who smokes 20 a day, and smoking, but also the 92 times out who is breathing asbestos dust. With smoking and asbestos are carcinogenic for human health when minerals can be very dangerous. In Turkey, smoking rates of men in rural areas and find the% 70'lerin however breathing asbestos fibers that have the higher our people would say the chances of cancer, you'll catch.
To make a benign or beneficial owner of the asbestos diseases, has been left to take a period of 20-40. People asbestos, work environment (vocational or occupational) or environmental (environmental or Domestic) way to breathe. Az da olsa, asbestos workers who have stuck to the powder of the clothes at home that relatives can breathe it in as indirek directly or to the left is called asbestos paraoccupational way.
In Central Anatolia in Turkey approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas are considered to have. These are approximately 25% of asbestos depends on over the age of twenty Plevral disease are benign. This ratio as a linear increase as the years progress, and can reach the 80's%. Asbestos is also mezotelyoma it is aklamMaliğn. In the Western world mezotelyoma incidence of malignant 1-2.2 / 1,000,000 / year in Turkey, while at least 500 persons per year are seen in this disease. Western countries have retired asbestos worker malignant disease mezotelyoma, our country is in middle age disease. We the people of our rural areas, environmental asbestos-Domestic way to breathe. Reported above, the most number of years it could happen by the left vocational asbestos. That is, vocational disease of the western world, our environment is our disease. Central Anatolian origin is actually working in Europe to receive compensation for their workers per mezotelyomaya shot was caught when the asbestos that accept and lungs were found in the Anatolian territories show that the request can not be accepted as tremolit. Asbestos-related diseases in workers in Europe, "Imported asbestos" and running a shameful situation, it is funny.
Turkey is working in the same confusion that is. Asbestos is processed in a factory work related illness occurs employer-worker is the problem. Asbestos workers to patients has come from his village, or did you work?
In Turkey to the left of asbestos fibers, asbestos in the white ground, "Ak soil," the heavens earth "," Ceren earth "" Çelpek "with various names, lime, plaster, roof and ground floor is used as is. Used for this purpose in the villages of Anatolia, most of the land in the industrial value of any non-asbestos tremolit have to. This type of asbestos fiber, just like blue and brown asbestos thin or thick can be long.
Asbestos, environmental way our country is connected to the left peak of disease in the region: Mihallıççik districts and villages of Eskişehir and Konya Ereğli'sinin Ayrancı Halkapınar and villages, of Çankırı Ilgaz and Şabanözü Sorgun village and district of Yozgat and villages, and Yıldızeli of Sivas Şarkışla villages, west of Diyarbakir in South Eastern Anatolia region Ergani and villages, Polu Mine and villages of Elazığ, Malatya, Adiyaman and Urfa district includes the Siverek. Coast of the Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia regions in residential areas do not have asbestos-related diseases. Connected to the asbestos left several villages in Thrace Plevral benign changes are found. Only in the villages in the Aegean region Denizli'in Tavas County, Burdur's Yeşilova region, and the Gediz Aslanapa district of Kütahya, Afyon district's Elmadag about asbestos disease was found sporadically in the villages. Mediterranean region, the slope of the Taurus Mountains in the villages and some villages of Hatay Kirikhan and Reyhanlı soil drink the above mentioned tremolit way asbestos is used by the left end of the air within the environment to develop diseases related asbesle.
The 30 species of natural zeolit'lerin a aluminosilikat crystallize only in erionite and mordenite lifsel structure. The crystal structure alone is erionite'in epidemiological lifsel, in vivo and in vitro has been shown to be as karsinojenik and fibrojenik. So far, the most potent carcinogen known Erionite'nin a mineral that is connected to the World Health Organization, the International Cancer Research Agency (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has been adopted by.
Thousands of years ago, Erciyes, Hasandağı and the volcanic lava of nearby mountains covered Melendiz that foreigners Cappadocia, Goreme said we are in the unique natural wonders of the geological structure has emerged. The region's only three-place, water and salt into the reaction of volcanic lava chabazite, clinopitololite create and crystallize as lifsel structure where erionite'nin Karain, Sarıhıdır villages and is located Tuzköy. To all of the diseases of asbestos Erionite'nin caused Göreme region has to face the day with work. This area is separate from the three villages in the other villages is infrequent, and peritoneal malignant Plevral has been shown by us to be mezotelyoma endemisi. The average age of patients from the region mezotelyomalı most people 50 and 26, were the oldest is 75. In both men and women and Disease was seen. Interesting side of the business, the disease was seen in a way more intense in some families. A family with the lymphoma mezotelyoma Plevral and peritoneal, liver cancer, bone sarcoma, tumors such as non-mezotelyoma were seen. On these observations formed the basis of cancer, although genetic predisposition factors erionite also suggests additional factors may be as effective.
Göremenin Karain, Tuzköy and the proportional mortality studies Sarıhıdır villages, the first of two who died in a village in the fact that 70% died from malignant disease has been revealed. However Kızırmağın the oldest settlements in the south of the river flooding and falling rocks in the back of people and animals by causing loss of time due to the government in 1958 villages of the north side of the river in the brick, briquette made with materials such as new home has to be moved. Be below 50% of Sarıhıdır'daki mortality rate is probably related. All patients except one in this village was born in the old villages were individuals. This event Göreme'deki the problem of cancer, but show the villages can be solved through a change of location.
Cancer Göreme'deki people in villages, houses and garden walls of the building blocks that slide into the water to breathe in erionit'ten. Bronchi of the patient and provide sekresyonunda, breathing the air in the house and in the lungs is similar to the erionite fibers and asbestos cisimcik shows zeolite cisimcik. Today only 35 digits of a village that has become a large part Karainliler'ın, for various reasons, domestic and foreign locations to maintain life. After finishing elementary school, even separated from the village who goes to the world, wherever you are mezotelyoma risk.
Mesothelioma Treatment Methods
1. İmmünoterapi and / or combination chemotherapy
Ex: + IFN-a combination of cisplatin,
cisplatin + mitomisin - C + IFN-a combination,
IL-2 or IFN-g intrakaviter,
intralezyoner GM-CSF infusion,
2. Photodynamic therapy
3. Gene therapy
4. Selective receptors for growth or antagonistic treatment faktöıü
5. Plörektomi / intrakaviter chemotherapy / postoperative chemotherapy / radiotherapy preventif
Median 4-12 months after diagnosis MPM'de between sağkalım are reported.
At the moment not possible to talk about curing the disease is below 5% in five years of life.
Treatment cases are reported with long-lived.
Prognostic factors in the life time is effective.
Can not be used in response to PA lung graph treatment.
For phase MPM'de "International mesothelioma Interest Group" (IMIG) prepared by the phase recommended for use (Table 4).
For less than the number of Olgu treatment is difficult to comment about. Studies suggest that at least 15 patients are. This case centered on the work should come into question.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
