Health services staff in China Table: 1 shows:
Table: 1 - Health Personnel in the People's Republic of China
Full Day Staff Personnel
Employees as Additional Services
In his spare time to voluntary work
Top Layer
Peasants Physicians
Health assistants
Doctor of Western medicine
Workers Physicians
Stomatologlar
Red health workers
Farmakolog the
Doctor of Chinese folk medicine
Middle layer
Medical Assistant
Nurses
Midwives
Pharmacists
Technicians
Missionaries in China, the western type of medicine was founded by training and has been developed. 1950, the number of doctors trained in western-type was in the neighborhood of 20,000. "Liberation" after the definition of health personnel trained in the Soviet model was applied. For adults to educate faculty physicians, child health and illness for the medical faculty and public health physician is trained to educate faculty was established. Besides, helping the school was founded to educate physicians. Over the period 1949-1960, these examples are too many doctors trying to educate. Number of physicians in this period 20,000 of 150,000 e, 170,000 Number of physician assistant 'e, 185,000 Number of nurses' e, the number of midwives 40.000' e was increased. Despite this increase is very important, the number of health staff to meet China's needs were so far away.
In 1957-1959 "Great Forward roll" movement is the start of a new personnel policy, needs to be resolved at local level is seen arandığı way. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors" and begin to educate physicians, called the people to be doctors and mobile teams of health organizations to increase the occurrence of this period.
With the start of the 1965 cultural revolution, culture and health personnel working in the policy change has been great. Between the years 1965-1971 have been closed and faculty members of medical schools within the framework of a specific program in rural areas are 1-2 years. The goal is, to many people's needs, occupational problem for China's realities of the faculty members and students to enable them to see that China's health problems has been to decode grow. In 1971 with emphasis on practical training in medical school and 3-4 years in re-education has begun a program to educate physicians. This recovery of the profession of medicine (deprofessionalization) action is called. Three-year medical school in the first 4 months of basic medical sciences are taught, then rural areas in the health center to students master-apprentice method clinical and preventive medicine training is done in the second year training conducted in hospitals, the third year in the rural areas, health centers continues.
Selection method has been changed to medical school students. Each end of secondary education for at least three years younger in rural areas must work in production was adopted. Want to be the end of this period, and a young doctor working in the production team or a team of farmers, their higher education they choose for this young, doctors are able to enter medical school. Chance to enter medical school, doctors in villages and factories and working as a peasant or worker who is higher. Administrators, according to a person's physician to be intelligent and knowledgeable is not a student, loved by the people and believe that the one is important.
Against doctors in China needs to the most original and successful approach in the application peasants, workers and housewives from the selected service to the people who grow medicine. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors," he called it, people say they are farmers or workers, health services need to work out when to make health services. A separate charge for this service they do not, they have worked in the fields or the payment is made at the factory. 8-10 years, more than a million villagers have been trained doctors. Today, the doctors have been the backbone of China Health Management.
In 1973 the World Health Organization General Assembly, a peasant doctor participate in technical discussions, Meng Ching-yu, tasks are summarized as follows:
(1) Most of the thirty-disease treatment,
(2) First aid and minor surgery,
(3) Birth assistance,
(4) Physician's recommendation in accordance with the treatment of chronic patients at home,
(5) to carry out immunization services,
(6) Environmental health services to educate people and to carry out initial checks for these services to
(7) Herbs for medicines and folk medicine to prepare
(8) Acupuncture,
(9) Ring to teach the rules of personal hygiene,
(10) to make family planning education and practice,
(11) Ana-child health services to conduct,
(12) Doctors and hospitals require treatment by selecting the facts, health centers and hospitals to send.
The villagers are not standard medical education programs. Every place and every person or even a specific application is made. The issues are common, villagers trained in health services to be selected from amongst the villagers of the winter production done when the commune hospitals, health centers or for mobile team up 3-6 months after training back to the village and learn how and what can do it in the village of application. While working in the village hospital and health center serving the region in cooperation with physicians and continuing education services are at the very beginning. Knowledge and skills of doctors a few years, villagers in the winter months the hospital, health center or execution by the mobile teams is increasing.
These physicians to learn about what is taught them in the handbook topics Supplement: 1, and the use of drugs and supplies Supplement: 2 is presented. Of this list of books and the need for China is not standard, as mentioned above, in each place where it should be noted that applications are different from each other.
Such a training program will be directed to the first criticism, 3-4 month short-term education of a peasant, peasants, and doctors said Meng Ching-yu'nun how to do things mentioned above expected. This is the response: "3-4 months in the field of health education, all of a peasant can not do this job. Most times you can also make mistakes. However, the village will do something useful and accurate. Before that, he made nothing in the field of health is not in the village must not be forgotten. So this barefoot doctors, to develop health services in the village, would be more useful in 3-4 years. To understand the philosophy of health managers in China, think about this answer, and it must be evaluated. Çin'li desired for administrators, not the best to do a useful thing to do.
Peasants in villages where work of physicians in cities "Workers doctors" or "Health Workers for the Red" is. These factory workers, or are selected from among housewives. Peasants in rural areas than doctors in the health personnel are available. These are health and assist in the supervision of doctor services will see the villagers. These people are volunteers who work outside of business hours.
Chinese managers, the number of 500,000 'i find that people always have to take advantage of the doctor and ask them to teach techniques of western medicine have. In the period 1949-1965 have been working in this direction is the achievement after the start of the 1965 cultural revolution has been made. Currently, schools in China teach western medicine among the public schools are taught medicine. Public access to physicians in solo off from the direction of medical personnel is not clear, especially in rural areas, increasing public trust in health services has been effective. Because people trust doctors and the people know is that the villagers.
Friday, March 27, 2009
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment