Health services staff in China Table: 1 shows:
Table: 1 - Health Personnel in the People's Republic of China
Full Day Staff Personnel
Employees as Additional Services
In his spare time to voluntary work
Top Layer
Peasants Physicians
Health assistants
Doctor of Western medicine
Workers Physicians
Stomatologlar
Red health workers
Farmakolog the
Doctor of Chinese folk medicine
Middle layer
Medical Assistant
Nurses
Midwives
Pharmacists
Technicians
Missionaries in China, the western type of medicine was founded by training and has been developed. 1950, the number of doctors trained in western-type was in the neighborhood of 20,000. "Liberation" after the definition of health personnel trained in the Soviet model was applied. For adults to educate faculty physicians, child health and illness for the medical faculty and public health physician is trained to educate faculty was established. Besides, helping the school was founded to educate physicians. Over the period 1949-1960, these examples are too many doctors trying to educate. Number of physicians in this period 20,000 of 150,000 e, 170,000 Number of physician assistant 'e, 185,000 Number of nurses' e, the number of midwives 40.000' e was increased. Despite this increase is very important, the number of health staff to meet China's needs were so far away.
In 1957-1959 "Great Forward roll" movement is the start of a new personnel policy, needs to be resolved at local level is seen arandığı way. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors" and begin to educate physicians, called the people to be doctors and mobile teams of health organizations to increase the occurrence of this period.
With the start of the 1965 cultural revolution, culture and health personnel working in the policy change has been great. Between the years 1965-1971 have been closed and faculty members of medical schools within the framework of a specific program in rural areas are 1-2 years. The goal is, to many people's needs, occupational problem for China's realities of the faculty members and students to enable them to see that China's health problems has been to decode grow. In 1971 with emphasis on practical training in medical school and 3-4 years in re-education has begun a program to educate physicians. This recovery of the profession of medicine (deprofessionalization) action is called. Three-year medical school in the first 4 months of basic medical sciences are taught, then rural areas in the health center to students master-apprentice method clinical and preventive medicine training is done in the second year training conducted in hospitals, the third year in the rural areas, health centers continues.
Selection method has been changed to medical school students. Each end of secondary education for at least three years younger in rural areas must work in production was adopted. Want to be the end of this period, and a young doctor working in the production team or a team of farmers, their higher education they choose for this young, doctors are able to enter medical school. Chance to enter medical school, doctors in villages and factories and working as a peasant or worker who is higher. Administrators, according to a person's physician to be intelligent and knowledgeable is not a student, loved by the people and believe that the one is important.
Against doctors in China needs to the most original and successful approach in the application peasants, workers and housewives from the selected service to the people who grow medicine. "The villagers Doctor" or "barefoot doctors," he called it, people say they are farmers or workers, health services need to work out when to make health services. A separate charge for this service they do not, they have worked in the fields or the payment is made at the factory. 8-10 years, more than a million villagers have been trained doctors. Today, the doctors have been the backbone of China Health Management.
In 1973 the World Health Organization General Assembly, a peasant doctor participate in technical discussions, Meng Ching-yu, tasks are summarized as follows:
(1) Most of the thirty-disease treatment,
(2) First aid and minor surgery,
(3) Birth assistance,
(4) Physician's recommendation in accordance with the treatment of chronic patients at home,
(5) to carry out immunization services,
(6) Environmental health services to educate people and to carry out initial checks for these services to
(7) Herbs for medicines and folk medicine to prepare
(8) Acupuncture,
(9) Ring to teach the rules of personal hygiene,
(10) to make family planning education and practice,
(11) Ana-child health services to conduct,
(12) Doctors and hospitals require treatment by selecting the facts, health centers and hospitals to send.
The villagers are not standard medical education programs. Every place and every person or even a specific application is made. The issues are common, villagers trained in health services to be selected from amongst the villagers of the winter production done when the commune hospitals, health centers or for mobile team up 3-6 months after training back to the village and learn how and what can do it in the village of application. While working in the village hospital and health center serving the region in cooperation with physicians and continuing education services are at the very beginning. Knowledge and skills of doctors a few years, villagers in the winter months the hospital, health center or execution by the mobile teams is increasing.
These physicians to learn about what is taught them in the handbook topics Supplement: 1, and the use of drugs and supplies Supplement: 2 is presented. Of this list of books and the need for China is not standard, as mentioned above, in each place where it should be noted that applications are different from each other.
Such a training program will be directed to the first criticism, 3-4 month short-term education of a peasant, peasants, and doctors said Meng Ching-yu'nun how to do things mentioned above expected. This is the response: "3-4 months in the field of health education, all of a peasant can not do this job. Most times you can also make mistakes. However, the village will do something useful and accurate. Before that, he made nothing in the field of health is not in the village must not be forgotten. So this barefoot doctors, to develop health services in the village, would be more useful in 3-4 years. To understand the philosophy of health managers in China, think about this answer, and it must be evaluated. Çin'li desired for administrators, not the best to do a useful thing to do.
Peasants in villages where work of physicians in cities "Workers doctors" or "Health Workers for the Red" is. These factory workers, or are selected from among housewives. Peasants in rural areas than doctors in the health personnel are available. These are health and assist in the supervision of doctor services will see the villagers. These people are volunteers who work outside of business hours.
Chinese managers, the number of 500,000 'i find that people always have to take advantage of the doctor and ask them to teach techniques of western medicine have. In the period 1949-1965 have been working in this direction is the achievement after the start of the 1965 cultural revolution has been made. Currently, schools in China teach western medicine among the public schools are taught medicine. Public access to physicians in solo off from the direction of medical personnel is not clear, especially in rural areas, increasing public trust in health services has been effective. Because people trust doctors and the people know is that the villagers.
Friday, March 27, 2009
In the People's Republic of China Health Management *
1.Introduction:
Less developed countries can not solve the problems of the health level of the country and everyone take health services. The reason for this failure of the health manpower and the inadequacy of economic power with nutrition, positive environment and relationship education with strict conditions, such as health there is also be changed. People's Republic of China, the least developed countries, such as between 10-15 years in a short time the country's health level is the only country that can bring services to everyone. This is the review of maintenance management and success of China health reasons saptanması is very useful for other less developed countries.
2.Eski China:
Republic of China in the field of health development to evaluate, "Independence" tan (Chinese in China, feudal and capitalist order to put an end to the "Salvation" is also. Western authors found that the incident with the same term to define.) Previous to the recall and to develop general socio - -economic framework to examine the benefits and there is no obligation. China is viewing the authors explained the old China "in China are often drought, floods and disasters such as typhoon, people will starve to death was convicted. Murder for a handful of rice in this period, not to die of hunger, eating human flesh was normal. "Natural disasters in the period to buy food for families sell their children or die. Scarcity periods often seen outside the big epidemic, and as long hiperandemik infection and parasitic diseases in the community would continue to erode. "Opium habit and prostitution in big cities, China's largest of the social and medical problems. In old China, especially the urban mess is indicated by a word: terrible. "Immediately after the liberation in China, in 1950, health services, but in cities and had a very limited extent. Population of 600 million are on the medical service in China including the number of trained health personnel was 32,000. Physician / population ratio was one to 25,000. "
Levels Affecting Health of China to 3.Çağdaş Development Management Policy:
Related to health management and health in China, the important principles of general management are:
a-The first priority should be given to the public the services. This principle is the philosophy of Mao Tse-Tung'un basis. As with all services in the health services is an important principle.
b-discuss and criticize the people in their own services should develop. This policy of the 1920s Mao Tse-Tung and friends have established China's northern province of management Kiangsi'de has not changed since. Chairman Mao, workers and farmers are required to solve their own problems, but to the government's own guidance, and some may make the necessary help.
China Administrators, the role of people in development countries are mentioned in the following way: Information from lethargic to win half of the people must awaken, their power to use them for upgrades and recovery encouraged. If the people in decision-making process takes place, new things to gain the courage to do, be an interest in government affairs, criticized the attempt to find the truth and doing superstitious side at a revolution of society and if the potential leap forward like a volcano explodes.
c-immediately after China's establishment, in 1950, collected the National Health Committee, health management has been identified the following principles:
(1) Workers, peasants and soldiers in the service should be given priority,
(2) should be given priority to the protection,
(3) Western medicine and Chinese medicine for the people must be united,
(4) Public health services should be applied to mass movement.
Implementation services to the mass movement implied, that all the people all the different ways people affect the right of management support and the problem is resolved with the administration of the public. These campaigns "for home health movement" name is given. First of this campaign, to bring the environment into a positive situation in 1952 has launched the campaign. Objectives, cities and villages and drinking water to prevent mixing with the faeces, housefly, mosquitoes, and rats destroy the wood to dry.
d-for each service by itself should be sufficient in China. These principles, particularly in 1966 when the Soviet Union to help China cut and often repeated after withdrawal of technical personnel and a policy has been given much importance.
e-as in all social policy, health policy to achieve success in the implementation of the following three conditions are:
(1) Government organization, applicable policies to understand the people in the unit to the point of contact with the same understanding and knowledge that can spread in nature, should be
(2) Policy for the implementation of the necessary facilities should be provided,
(3) Implementation of the policy community or cultural values should not be contrary to the very values of society in the direction of changing this policy must be provided through training.
f-with people who serve the public should minimize the social distance. These principles, the principles of Chinese managers are very important. People, especially the peasants and the urban-social distance between the two to minimize the application has started "" From down here, "and" Nagorno and rural area to the task to Go "campaign. "From below" campaign, administration officials at high levels for some time further down there are being assigned to jobs away from people trying to prevent managers are derived. Another application of this campaign, while the body shape everyone is making craftsmanship. "" Dağlık and rural area to the task to Go "campaign to finish primary and secondary education of young people who go to rural areas as required and there are at least three years work. At the end of this period, they work with high school students to see the villagers they deem suitable to return to the city and sees higher education. 40 million young people between the years 1955-1965 went to rural areas. The purpose of this campaign, these young people to teach literacy to peasants, agriculture and other services to assist in the development of peasant and urban youth with Chairman Mao's words, by re-educating villagers.
g-city to be the front. China's social policies to facilitate the city is one of prevention. This application is the application of measures for each household over the exact placement saptanması anyone without permission from the government replaced the. Furthermore, those who have migrated to urban villages to return to the rural areas "where he was born and returned to join the production" campaign is being carried out.
h-management should be desantralize. Management is one of the most important principles Desantralizasyon China. 800 million population is 200 people in the work of the Ministry of Health in China, gives a good idea of desantralizasyonun width. How a business being conducted, what will be the standard, including the smallest administrative unit is determined by. Therefore, except for general principles applied in China is impossible to make generalizations about.
i-Bürokratizm should fight. Especially during the 1965 revolution, the culture war against bürokratizme opened. Command to (comandism) to remove and replace "Kollektif Leadership" and "Education and the Order Trust" has been given the importance of the establishment. Collective leadership, a service workers of all persons involved in decisions execution means.
j-priority should be given to rural Bölgeninin the resolution of health problems. Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution in 1965 in this policy assert that is a policy.
k-Population growth must be controlled. According to China's population policy, terms of population growth are identified as acceleration or deceleration. However, the general policy to stabilize China's population has been directed to. Acceleration of population growth and population policy for ethnic minorities in areas where very little is being implemented. Pronatalist population policy is applied, very small proportion compared to antinatalist policy is applied. Reducing population growth policies among the countries of the profit to be China's most successful countries must be specified. Chinese population policies "Late, Seyrek and small as to indicate. "Late" to delay the age of marriage, "Rarely", birth spacing and the extension of the "small", not more than two means have children. The control of fertility on the family has a heavy social pressure. Late marriage has become a fashion. Neighborhood children have more than two women who are dispraise and find it embarrassing. Married women who are going to do and how many children they will bear when they are already designed and discussed with women in the same place when the unit is determined to deliver. Remaining outside of the time pregnant women identify the children are decreasing.
"To save women's" movement also plays an important role in fertility control: women's rescue, the People's Republic of China and a large fastidiousness implementation managers believe is a revolution. Married a girl in the old Chinese culture, and the brother of the father, married woman, her husband and a woman or widow, her son is also used to overpower. A married woman, her husband and the husband or the good of the family do have to accept everything that was bad. Had no right to ask for divorce. First important step in the recognition of women's rights adopted in 1950 the age of marriage. However, the Chinese managers of production and work of women as men participate in housework and taking the equality of the extent of the right to reduce the time to know and you are trying to provide.
Less developed countries can not solve the problems of the health level of the country and everyone take health services. The reason for this failure of the health manpower and the inadequacy of economic power with nutrition, positive environment and relationship education with strict conditions, such as health there is also be changed. People's Republic of China, the least developed countries, such as between 10-15 years in a short time the country's health level is the only country that can bring services to everyone. This is the review of maintenance management and success of China health reasons saptanması is very useful for other less developed countries.
2.Eski China:
Republic of China in the field of health development to evaluate, "Independence" tan (Chinese in China, feudal and capitalist order to put an end to the "Salvation" is also. Western authors found that the incident with the same term to define.) Previous to the recall and to develop general socio - -economic framework to examine the benefits and there is no obligation. China is viewing the authors explained the old China "in China are often drought, floods and disasters such as typhoon, people will starve to death was convicted. Murder for a handful of rice in this period, not to die of hunger, eating human flesh was normal. "Natural disasters in the period to buy food for families sell their children or die. Scarcity periods often seen outside the big epidemic, and as long hiperandemik infection and parasitic diseases in the community would continue to erode. "Opium habit and prostitution in big cities, China's largest of the social and medical problems. In old China, especially the urban mess is indicated by a word: terrible. "Immediately after the liberation in China, in 1950, health services, but in cities and had a very limited extent. Population of 600 million are on the medical service in China including the number of trained health personnel was 32,000. Physician / population ratio was one to 25,000. "
Levels Affecting Health of China to 3.Çağdaş Development Management Policy:
Related to health management and health in China, the important principles of general management are:
a-The first priority should be given to the public the services. This principle is the philosophy of Mao Tse-Tung'un basis. As with all services in the health services is an important principle.
b-discuss and criticize the people in their own services should develop. This policy of the 1920s Mao Tse-Tung and friends have established China's northern province of management Kiangsi'de has not changed since. Chairman Mao, workers and farmers are required to solve their own problems, but to the government's own guidance, and some may make the necessary help.
China Administrators, the role of people in development countries are mentioned in the following way: Information from lethargic to win half of the people must awaken, their power to use them for upgrades and recovery encouraged. If the people in decision-making process takes place, new things to gain the courage to do, be an interest in government affairs, criticized the attempt to find the truth and doing superstitious side at a revolution of society and if the potential leap forward like a volcano explodes.
c-immediately after China's establishment, in 1950, collected the National Health Committee, health management has been identified the following principles:
(1) Workers, peasants and soldiers in the service should be given priority,
(2) should be given priority to the protection,
(3) Western medicine and Chinese medicine for the people must be united,
(4) Public health services should be applied to mass movement.
Implementation services to the mass movement implied, that all the people all the different ways people affect the right of management support and the problem is resolved with the administration of the public. These campaigns "for home health movement" name is given. First of this campaign, to bring the environment into a positive situation in 1952 has launched the campaign. Objectives, cities and villages and drinking water to prevent mixing with the faeces, housefly, mosquitoes, and rats destroy the wood to dry.
d-for each service by itself should be sufficient in China. These principles, particularly in 1966 when the Soviet Union to help China cut and often repeated after withdrawal of technical personnel and a policy has been given much importance.
e-as in all social policy, health policy to achieve success in the implementation of the following three conditions are:
(1) Government organization, applicable policies to understand the people in the unit to the point of contact with the same understanding and knowledge that can spread in nature, should be
(2) Policy for the implementation of the necessary facilities should be provided,
(3) Implementation of the policy community or cultural values should not be contrary to the very values of society in the direction of changing this policy must be provided through training.
f-with people who serve the public should minimize the social distance. These principles, the principles of Chinese managers are very important. People, especially the peasants and the urban-social distance between the two to minimize the application has started "" From down here, "and" Nagorno and rural area to the task to Go "campaign. "From below" campaign, administration officials at high levels for some time further down there are being assigned to jobs away from people trying to prevent managers are derived. Another application of this campaign, while the body shape everyone is making craftsmanship. "" Dağlık and rural area to the task to Go "campaign to finish primary and secondary education of young people who go to rural areas as required and there are at least three years work. At the end of this period, they work with high school students to see the villagers they deem suitable to return to the city and sees higher education. 40 million young people between the years 1955-1965 went to rural areas. The purpose of this campaign, these young people to teach literacy to peasants, agriculture and other services to assist in the development of peasant and urban youth with Chairman Mao's words, by re-educating villagers.
g-city to be the front. China's social policies to facilitate the city is one of prevention. This application is the application of measures for each household over the exact placement saptanması anyone without permission from the government replaced the. Furthermore, those who have migrated to urban villages to return to the rural areas "where he was born and returned to join the production" campaign is being carried out.
h-management should be desantralize. Management is one of the most important principles Desantralizasyon China. 800 million population is 200 people in the work of the Ministry of Health in China, gives a good idea of desantralizasyonun width. How a business being conducted, what will be the standard, including the smallest administrative unit is determined by. Therefore, except for general principles applied in China is impossible to make generalizations about.
i-Bürokratizm should fight. Especially during the 1965 revolution, the culture war against bürokratizme opened. Command to (comandism) to remove and replace "Kollektif Leadership" and "Education and the Order Trust" has been given the importance of the establishment. Collective leadership, a service workers of all persons involved in decisions execution means.
j-priority should be given to rural Bölgeninin the resolution of health problems. Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution in 1965 in this policy assert that is a policy.
k-Population growth must be controlled. According to China's population policy, terms of population growth are identified as acceleration or deceleration. However, the general policy to stabilize China's population has been directed to. Acceleration of population growth and population policy for ethnic minorities in areas where very little is being implemented. Pronatalist population policy is applied, very small proportion compared to antinatalist policy is applied. Reducing population growth policies among the countries of the profit to be China's most successful countries must be specified. Chinese population policies "Late, Seyrek and small as to indicate. "Late" to delay the age of marriage, "Rarely", birth spacing and the extension of the "small", not more than two means have children. The control of fertility on the family has a heavy social pressure. Late marriage has become a fashion. Neighborhood children have more than two women who are dispraise and find it embarrassing. Married women who are going to do and how many children they will bear when they are already designed and discussed with women in the same place when the unit is determined to deliver. Remaining outside of the time pregnant women identify the children are decreasing.
"To save women's" movement also plays an important role in fertility control: women's rescue, the People's Republic of China and a large fastidiousness implementation managers believe is a revolution. Married a girl in the old Chinese culture, and the brother of the father, married woman, her husband and a woman or widow, her son is also used to overpower. A married woman, her husband and the husband or the good of the family do have to accept everything that was bad. Had no right to ask for divorce. First important step in the recognition of women's rights adopted in 1950 the age of marriage. However, the Chinese managers of production and work of women as men participate in housework and taking the equality of the extent of the right to reduce the time to know and you are trying to provide.
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer in which malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the body's internal organs. Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles.
- What is the mesothelium?
- What is mesothelioma?
- How common is mesothelioma?
- What are the risk factors for mesothelioma?
- Who is at increased risk for developing mesothelioma?
- What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?
- How is mesothelioma diagnosed?
- How is mesothelioma treated?
- Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. The doctor may remove part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.
- Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found (internal radiation therapy).
- Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most drugs used to treat mesothelioma are given by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy).
- Are new treatments for mesothelioma being studied?
The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells: One layer immediately surrounds the organ; the other forms a sac around it. The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures.
The mesothelium has different names, depending on its location in the body. The peritoneum is the mesothelial tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the wall of the chest cavity. The pericardium covers and protects the heart. The mesothelial tissue surrounding the male internal reproductive organs is called the tunica vaginalis testis. The tunica serosa uteri covers the internal reproductive organs in women.
Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum.
Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age.
Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.
Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.
Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the air passageways in the lung.
Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.
The risk of asbestos-related disease increases with heavier exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, some individuals with only brief exposures have developed mesothelioma. On the other hand, not all workers who are heavily exposed develop asbestos-related diseases.
There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.
Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.
These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to see a doctor about any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis.
Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete physical examination may be performed, including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI may also be useful. A CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed.
A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer) removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a peritoneoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument called a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.
If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of the disease. Staging involves more tests in a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.
Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.
Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and general health. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, these treatments are combined.
To relieve symptoms and control pain, the doctor may use a needle or a thin tube to drain fluid that has built up in the chest or abdomen. The procedure for removing fluid from the chest is called thoracentesis. Removal of fluid from the abdomen is called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through a tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Radiation therapy and surgery may also be helpful in relieving symptoms.
Yes. Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (research studies with people) that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma.
People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available from the Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below) at 1–800–4–CANCER. Information specialists at the CIS use PDQ®, NCI's cancer information database, to identify and provide detailed information about specific ongoing clinical trials. Patients also have the option of searching for clinical trials on their own. The clinical trials page on the NCI's Cancer.gov Web site, located at http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials on the Internet, provides general information about clinical trials and links to PDQ.
People considering clinical trials may be interested in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. This booklet describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. The booklet is available by calling the CIS, or from the NCI Publications Locator Web site at http://www.cancer.gov/publications on the Internet.
# # #
Related NCI materials and Web pages:
- National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet 3.21, Asbestos Exposure: Questions and Answers
(http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestos) - Clinical Trials Home Page
(http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials) - Malignant Mesothelioma Home Page (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/malignantmesothelioma)
- Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies
(http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/Taking-Part-in-Cancer-Treatment-Research-Studies)
For more help, contact:
- NCI's Cancer Information Service
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Benign cystic mesothelioma
Benign cystic mesotheliomalar (BCM) nadir
It is a common lesion. Patients in the history of
patogenez and prognosis differ mostly in
thesis is defended. BCM first time in 1979
And is defined by Smith Mennemeyer.
Multikistik peritoneal mesothelioma, peritoneum of the cystic
mesothelioması, multiokuler cysts of the peritoneum,
multikistik mesothelioma and peritoneal multiokuler
inklüzyon kisti
Other names used are
forms olmuştur. Multible, thin-walled, frajil a
structure of the large mass of the abdomen
oluşturabilmektedir.
Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Separator
In recognition sarcomas, lymphoma and Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
Just as surgery düşünülmelidir.Tedavi method
at a rate of recurrence has been reported, but there is 50%.
Sıklıklayerleştiğiyerler; over, falloptüpleri, column,
cul de sac and pelvis is the base. Dimensions 0.3 cm and 15
cmarasındadeğişebilmektedir.
Both are very rare in men with
can be seen in the breed. Usually fertile
are seen in women and 1998 since
Total 130 cases have been reported in English literature.
These are only 19 male patients. Literature
reviewed by the rare, mature men
Besides that, the placement of peritoneal malignant and selim tümöral audience to distinguish the importance
nedeniylesunulmuştur
15-year-old male patient with abdominal pain and right lower
was admitted to our clinic because of the sensitivity dial.
Stories, the two-day loss of appetite and nausea vomiting
was available. Physical examination in the right lower quadrant
sensitivity of patients with bowel sounds present
routine, had no defense and rebound. Acute appendicitis front
the patients were diagnosed pancakes. Configuration of examinations
The white sphere is 76% 8800/mm ³ and granulocyte
other routine examinations were normal except for. Configuration
ultrasonography (USG) 'de; ilia vascular structures
The reshuffle of the medial area of the iliopsoas muscle
In the neighborhood of about 57x22x16 mm
In the septasyonları and thin ekojeniteleri
complicated in view of the fluid collection was identified.
And bladder in the neighborhood also trasede ilia
multible lenfadenopatiler (lap) seen. "Perforated
appendicitis? "has been reported as (Figure 1.2). A
In the next report "hydatid cyst?" de
were normal, but multiple appendiks lap.
Observation of the patient, except in the right lower quadrant pain
USG findings and reports be determined because of different patient diagnostic information
has been scheduled for laparaskopi. General anesthesia
six 1 cm below the belly of the camera insizyondan
was entered. Looked at in the right neighborhood pelviste bladder
The cystic structures were observed on multible peritoneum. And other Western bodies Appendiks salim
as was observed. Then right-va left 5mm'lik trokar
After entering the cystic lesions of the lower quadrant
to complete by being perforated with peritoneal
been removed (Picture3). Be done to identify pathological
reported as a result of benign cystic mesothelioma
edildi. Smooth as the first postoperative day the patient
taburcuedildi.3aysonrakontroleçağrıldı.
BCM mezotelyumdan from peritoneal
tumoral is a rare occurrence. Etiology of
There is no definite information. Often, early or
the age of fertility is higher for women
seen in male patients but also has been reported.
Connected with malignant Asbestozise a clear mesothelioma
relationship-although, even if it has been reported 2 patients
has not been shown. In the stories of patients often
not the surgical operations, or endometriozis
is an inflammatory event. BCM a reactive
is considered as events and malignant transformation
expected. Metastasis is reported so far
is not.
Abdominal distension and masses in the form of
Discharge is the most common findings. Rare as
karınağrısıilekarşımızaçıkar. Bizimolgumuzdasağ
lower quadrant pain with the present findings, such as a rare
olmuştur. However Tangjitgamol et al. 'T say
not a specific finding as preoperative diagnosis
nedeniylemümkünolmamaktadır.
Anekoik with imaging techniques, low
reported as mass density or cystic hipointense
are. We also as a result USG cystic
characters are defined by the audience. The specific
view of the findings; invasion without mass
Depending on the size of the distortion around the structure
is doing. Abdominal into us, the grapes
as a bunch of thin-walled, fluid-filled interior of the serous
out as the formation of various sizes. Our
Although it is small, white grape olgumuzda
salkımıgörüntüsümevcuttu.
Diagnostic imaging techniques, except in the thin
needle aspiration biopsy has been applied, but non
Except mezotelyal cells specific findings
as a useful means to identify preoperative
It is not.
In the differential diagnosis of cystic Hygroma, endometriozis,
retroperitonu tutan müllerian cyst, cystic adenomatoid
tumors, cystic mezonefrik duktus residues and
formation of benign cystic form endosalpingiozisin
should be considered as pathological in bakılan. As malignant
ise; mesothelioma and peritoneal malignant serous and kicking
tümörlerdüşünülmelidir.
Surgical resection is the most effective treatment methods.
Not be removed if the recurrence is often OK.
For this aggressive surgical approach kistoredüktif
with peritonektomi is recommended. We
Because of the small mass limit clean surgery to remove the entire laparaskopik way we did it.
If a second surgical attempt to detect the recurrence
yerineantiöstrojenlerveyagonadotropinanaloglarıile
hormonal therapy, intraperitoneal hipertermik
chemotherapy and tetrasiklinle sikleroterapi
is recommended. However, success is variable. Benign
after surgery due to be in natur Adjuvan
olarakkemoterapiveradyoterapiönerilmemektedir.
As a result, good-natured with a tümöral structure
BCM, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, despite
treatment is possible with resection method.
Cystic appearance must occur in the presence
mutlakatümüyleçıkarılmalıdır.
Bibliography
1. Mennemeyer R, Smith M. Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: A report with electron microscopy of a case mimicking intraabdominal cystic hygroma (lymphangioma).Cancer1979;44:692. 2. Akata D, Arat A, Ozdogan M. Benign cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Abdom Imaging 1999;24:188. 3. Tangjitgamol S, Erlichman J, Northrup H, Malpica A, Wang X, Lee E, et al. Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: cases reports in the family with diverticulosis and literature review. Int J Gynecol Cancer2005;15:1101-7. 4. O'Neil JD, Ros PR, Storm BL, Buck JL, Wilkinson EJ. Cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Radiology 1989;170:333-7. 5. Samson P, Cacala S. Rare case of benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma. A letter. ANZ J Surg 2005; 75(7):619-20. 6. Safioleas MC, Kontzoglou C, Stamakos M, Glaslakiotis K, Safioleas C, Kostakis A. Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma:Acase report and review of the literature.World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(35):5739-42
It is a common lesion. Patients in the history of
patogenez and prognosis differ mostly in
thesis is defended. BCM first time in 1979
And is defined by Smith Mennemeyer.
Multikistik peritoneal mesothelioma, peritoneum of the cystic
mesothelioması, multiokuler cysts of the peritoneum,
multikistik mesothelioma and peritoneal multiokuler
inklüzyon kisti
Other names used are
forms olmuştur. Multible, thin-walled, frajil a
structure of the large mass of the abdomen
oluşturabilmektedir.
Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Separator
In recognition sarcomas, lymphoma and Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
Just as surgery düşünülmelidir.Tedavi method
at a rate of recurrence has been reported, but there is 50%.
Sıklıklayerleştiğiyerler; over, falloptüpleri, column,
cul de sac and pelvis is the base. Dimensions 0.3 cm and 15
cmarasındadeğişebilmektedir.
Both are very rare in men with
can be seen in the breed. Usually fertile
are seen in women and 1998 since
Total 130 cases have been reported in English literature.
These are only 19 male patients. Literature
reviewed by the rare, mature men
Besides that, the placement of peritoneal malignant and selim tümöral audience to distinguish the importance
nedeniylesunulmuştur
15-year-old male patient with abdominal pain and right lower
was admitted to our clinic because of the sensitivity dial.
Stories, the two-day loss of appetite and nausea vomiting
was available. Physical examination in the right lower quadrant
sensitivity of patients with bowel sounds present
routine, had no defense and rebound. Acute appendicitis front
the patients were diagnosed pancakes. Configuration of examinations
The white sphere is 76% 8800/mm ³ and granulocyte
other routine examinations were normal except for. Configuration
ultrasonography (USG) 'de; ilia vascular structures
The reshuffle of the medial area of the iliopsoas muscle
In the neighborhood of about 57x22x16 mm
In the septasyonları and thin ekojeniteleri
complicated in view of the fluid collection was identified.
And bladder in the neighborhood also trasede ilia
multible lenfadenopatiler (lap) seen. "Perforated
appendicitis? "has been reported as (Figure 1.2). A
In the next report "hydatid cyst?" de
were normal, but multiple appendiks lap.
Observation of the patient, except in the right lower quadrant pain
USG findings and reports be determined because of different patient diagnostic information
has been scheduled for laparaskopi. General anesthesia
six 1 cm below the belly of the camera insizyondan
was entered. Looked at in the right neighborhood pelviste bladder
The cystic structures were observed on multible peritoneum. And other Western bodies Appendiks salim
as was observed. Then right-va left 5mm'lik trokar
After entering the cystic lesions of the lower quadrant
to complete by being perforated with peritoneal
been removed (Picture3). Be done to identify pathological
reported as a result of benign cystic mesothelioma
edildi. Smooth as the first postoperative day the patient
taburcuedildi.3aysonrakontroleçağrıldı.
BCM mezotelyumdan from peritoneal
tumoral is a rare occurrence. Etiology of
There is no definite information. Often, early or
the age of fertility is higher for women
seen in male patients but also has been reported.
Connected with malignant Asbestozise a clear mesothelioma
relationship-although, even if it has been reported 2 patients
has not been shown. In the stories of patients often
not the surgical operations, or endometriozis
is an inflammatory event. BCM a reactive
is considered as events and malignant transformation
expected. Metastasis is reported so far
is not.
Abdominal distension and masses in the form of
Discharge is the most common findings. Rare as
karınağrısıilekarşımızaçıkar. Bizimolgumuzdasağ
lower quadrant pain with the present findings, such as a rare
olmuştur. However Tangjitgamol et al. 'T say
not a specific finding as preoperative diagnosis
nedeniylemümkünolmamaktadır.
Anekoik with imaging techniques, low
reported as mass density or cystic hipointense
are. We also as a result USG cystic
characters are defined by the audience. The specific
view of the findings; invasion without mass
Depending on the size of the distortion around the structure
is doing. Abdominal into us, the grapes
as a bunch of thin-walled, fluid-filled interior of the serous
out as the formation of various sizes. Our
Although it is small, white grape olgumuzda
salkımıgörüntüsümevcuttu.
Diagnostic imaging techniques, except in the thin
needle aspiration biopsy has been applied, but non
Except mezotelyal cells specific findings
as a useful means to identify preoperative
It is not.
In the differential diagnosis of cystic Hygroma, endometriozis,
retroperitonu tutan müllerian cyst, cystic adenomatoid
tumors, cystic mezonefrik duktus residues and
formation of benign cystic form endosalpingiozisin
should be considered as pathological in bakılan. As malignant
ise; mesothelioma and peritoneal malignant serous and kicking
tümörlerdüşünülmelidir.
Surgical resection is the most effective treatment methods.
Not be removed if the recurrence is often OK.
For this aggressive surgical approach kistoredüktif
with peritonektomi is recommended. We
Because of the small mass limit clean surgery to remove the entire laparaskopik way we did it.
If a second surgical attempt to detect the recurrence
yerineantiöstrojenlerveyagonadotropinanaloglarıile
hormonal therapy, intraperitoneal hipertermik
chemotherapy and tetrasiklinle sikleroterapi
is recommended. However, success is variable. Benign
after surgery due to be in natur Adjuvan
olarakkemoterapiveradyoterapiönerilmemektedir.
As a result, good-natured with a tümöral structure
BCM, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, despite
treatment is possible with resection method.
Cystic appearance must occur in the presence
mutlakatümüyleçıkarılmalıdır.
Bibliography
What is mesothelioma?
Is a natural silicate mineral asbestos with people because of the combination does not transmit heat started in the old ages. On the ninth hundred years in the second half of the next industrial revolution, heat, electricity, friction, and is resistant to acid because many businesses are using the "magic mineral" as is the twentieth in the face of the second half after being karsinojenik emerged, the name "deadly dust" has been.
Asbestos as a solid physical structure (amphibol) and curve-fiber (chrysotile) has two types. Amphibol of asbestos, according to chemical structure, crocidolite (blue asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), tremolit to anthophollite and actinolite varieties are available. Industries most frequently used in chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite were denominated. These are the most dangerous for health and crocidolite were banned in many countries using amosite'nin. 90% of the asbestos industry in many countries, including chrysotile, but is prohibited in some countries is less controversial karsinojenisitesi are used under strict control.
Asbestos disease can only enters the body through breathing. Caused diseases, may be benign or malignant. In the first group, plevrada fibrosis, calcification, effüzyon; parankima in lung fibrosis (asbestosis) is located. In the second group, the malignant mezotelyomaları pleura and peritoneum, lung cancer and even if less is available larenks and cancer of the digestive organs. No non-smoker and non-industrial relations risk of lung cancer in people 1 is approved, this rate 45'e who smokes 20 a day, and smoking, but also the 92 times out who is breathing asbestos dust. With smoking and asbestos are carcinogenic for human health when minerals can be very dangerous. In Turkey, smoking rates of men in rural areas and find the% 70'lerin however breathing asbestos fibers that have the higher our people would say the chances of cancer, you'll catch.
To make a benign or beneficial owner of the asbestos diseases, has been left to take a period of 20-40. People asbestos, work environment (vocational or occupational) or environmental (environmental or Domestic) way to breathe. Az da olsa, asbestos workers who have stuck to the powder of the clothes at home that relatives can breathe it in as indirek directly or to the left is called asbestos paraoccupational way.
In Central Anatolia in Turkey approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas are considered to have. These are approximately 25% of asbestos depends on over the age of twenty Plevral disease are benign. This ratio as a linear increase as the years progress, and can reach the 80's%. Asbestos is also mezotelyoma it is aklamMaliğn. In the Western world mezotelyoma incidence of malignant 1-2.2 / 1,000,000 / year in Turkey, while at least 500 persons per year are seen in this disease. Western countries have retired asbestos worker malignant disease mezotelyoma, our country is in middle age disease. We the people of our rural areas, environmental asbestos-Domestic way to breathe. Reported above, the most number of years it could happen by the left vocational asbestos. That is, vocational disease of the western world, our environment is our disease. Central Anatolian origin is actually working in Europe to receive compensation for their workers per mezotelyomaya shot was caught when the asbestos that accept and lungs were found in the Anatolian territories show that the request can not be accepted as tremolit. Asbestos-related diseases in workers in Europe, "Imported asbestos" and running a shameful situation, it is funny.
Turkey is working in the same confusion that is. Asbestos is processed in a factory work related illness occurs employer-worker is the problem. Asbestos workers to patients has come from his village, or did you work?
In Turkey to the left of asbestos fibers, asbestos in the white ground, "Ak soil," the heavens earth "," Ceren earth "" Çelpek "with various names, lime, plaster, roof and ground floor is used as is. Used for this purpose in the villages of Anatolia, most of the land in the industrial value of any non-asbestos tremolit have to. This type of asbestos fiber, just like blue and brown asbestos thin or thick can be long.
Asbestos, environmental way our country is connected to the left peak of disease in the region: Mihallıççik districts and villages of Eskişehir and Konya Ereğli'sinin Ayrancı Halkapınar and villages, of Çankırı Ilgaz and Şabanözü Sorgun village and district of Yozgat and villages, and Yıldızeli of Sivas Şarkışla villages, west of Diyarbakir in South Eastern Anatolia region Ergani and villages, Polu Mine and villages of Elazığ, Malatya, Adiyaman and Urfa district includes the Siverek. Coast of the Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia regions in residential areas do not have asbestos-related diseases. Connected to the asbestos left several villages in Thrace Plevral benign changes are found. Only in the villages in the Aegean region Denizli'in Tavas County, Burdur's Yeşilova region, and the Gediz Aslanapa district of Kütahya, Afyon district's Elmadag about asbestos disease was found sporadically in the villages. Mediterranean region, the slope of the Taurus Mountains in the villages and some villages of Hatay Kirikhan and Reyhanlı soil drink the above mentioned tremolit way asbestos is used by the left end of the air within the environment to develop diseases related asbesle.
The 30 species of natural zeolit'lerin a aluminosilikat crystallize only in erionite and mordenite lifsel structure. The crystal structure alone is erionite'in epidemiological lifsel, in vivo and in vitro has been shown to be as karsinojenik and fibrojenik. So far, the most potent carcinogen known Erionite'nin a mineral that is connected to the World Health Organization, the International Cancer Research Agency (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has been adopted by.
Thousands of years ago, Erciyes, Hasandağı and the volcanic lava of nearby mountains covered Melendiz that foreigners Cappadocia, Goreme said we are in the unique natural wonders of the geological structure has emerged. The region's only three-place, water and salt into the reaction of volcanic lava chabazite, clinopitololite create and crystallize as lifsel structure where erionite'nin Karain, Sarıhıdır villages and is located Tuzköy. To all of the diseases of asbestos Erionite'nin caused Göreme region has to face the day with work. This area is separate from the three villages in the other villages is infrequent, and peritoneal malignant Plevral has been shown by us to be mezotelyoma endemisi. The average age of patients from the region mezotelyomalı most people 50 and 26, were the oldest is 75. In both men and women and Disease was seen. Interesting side of the business, the disease was seen in a way more intense in some families. A family with the lymphoma mezotelyoma Plevral and peritoneal, liver cancer, bone sarcoma, tumors such as non-mezotelyoma were seen. On these observations formed the basis of cancer, although genetic predisposition factors erionite also suggests additional factors may be as effective.
Göremenin Karain, Tuzköy and the proportional mortality studies Sarıhıdır villages, the first of two who died in a village in the fact that 70% died from malignant disease has been revealed. However Kızırmağın the oldest settlements in the south of the river flooding and falling rocks in the back of people and animals by causing loss of time due to the government in 1958 villages of the north side of the river in the brick, briquette made with materials such as new home has to be moved. Be below 50% of Sarıhıdır'daki mortality rate is probably related. All patients except one in this village was born in the old villages were individuals. This event Göreme'deki the problem of cancer, but show the villages can be solved through a change of location.
Cancer Göreme'deki people in villages, houses and garden walls of the building blocks that slide into the water to breathe in erionit'ten. Bronchi of the patient and provide sekresyonunda, breathing the air in the house and in the lungs is similar to the erionite fibers and asbestos cisimcik shows zeolite cisimcik. Today only 35 digits of a village that has become a large part Karainliler'ın, for various reasons, domestic and foreign locations to maintain life. After finishing elementary school, even separated from the village who goes to the world, wherever you are mezotelyoma risk.
Mesothelioma Treatment Methods
1. İmmünoterapi and / or combination chemotherapy
Ex: + IFN-a combination of cisplatin,
cisplatin + mitomisin - C + IFN-a combination,
IL-2 or IFN-g intrakaviter,
intralezyoner GM-CSF infusion,
2. Photodynamic therapy
3. Gene therapy
4. Selective receptors for growth or antagonistic treatment faktöıü
5. Plörektomi / intrakaviter chemotherapy / postoperative chemotherapy / radiotherapy preventif
Median 4-12 months after diagnosis MPM'de between sağkalım are reported.
At the moment not possible to talk about curing the disease is below 5% in five years of life.
Treatment cases are reported with long-lived.
Prognostic factors in the life time is effective.
Can not be used in response to PA lung graph treatment.
For phase MPM'de "International mesothelioma Interest Group" (IMIG) prepared by the phase recommended for use (Table 4).
For less than the number of Olgu treatment is difficult to comment about. Studies suggest that at least 15 patients are. This case centered on the work should come into question.
Asbestos as a solid physical structure (amphibol) and curve-fiber (chrysotile) has two types. Amphibol of asbestos, according to chemical structure, crocidolite (blue asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), tremolit to anthophollite and actinolite varieties are available. Industries most frequently used in chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite were denominated. These are the most dangerous for health and crocidolite were banned in many countries using amosite'nin. 90% of the asbestos industry in many countries, including chrysotile, but is prohibited in some countries is less controversial karsinojenisitesi are used under strict control.
Asbestos disease can only enters the body through breathing. Caused diseases, may be benign or malignant. In the first group, plevrada fibrosis, calcification, effüzyon; parankima in lung fibrosis (asbestosis) is located. In the second group, the malignant mezotelyomaları pleura and peritoneum, lung cancer and even if less is available larenks and cancer of the digestive organs. No non-smoker and non-industrial relations risk of lung cancer in people 1 is approved, this rate 45'e who smokes 20 a day, and smoking, but also the 92 times out who is breathing asbestos dust. With smoking and asbestos are carcinogenic for human health when minerals can be very dangerous. In Turkey, smoking rates of men in rural areas and find the% 70'lerin however breathing asbestos fibers that have the higher our people would say the chances of cancer, you'll catch.
To make a benign or beneficial owner of the asbestos diseases, has been left to take a period of 20-40. People asbestos, work environment (vocational or occupational) or environmental (environmental or Domestic) way to breathe. Az da olsa, asbestos workers who have stuck to the powder of the clothes at home that relatives can breathe it in as indirek directly or to the left is called asbestos paraoccupational way.
In Central Anatolia in Turkey approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas are considered to have. These are approximately 25% of asbestos depends on over the age of twenty Plevral disease are benign. This ratio as a linear increase as the years progress, and can reach the 80's%. Asbestos is also mezotelyoma it is aklamMaliğn. In the Western world mezotelyoma incidence of malignant 1-2.2 / 1,000,000 / year in Turkey, while at least 500 persons per year are seen in this disease. Western countries have retired asbestos worker malignant disease mezotelyoma, our country is in middle age disease. We the people of our rural areas, environmental asbestos-Domestic way to breathe. Reported above, the most number of years it could happen by the left vocational asbestos. That is, vocational disease of the western world, our environment is our disease. Central Anatolian origin is actually working in Europe to receive compensation for their workers per mezotelyomaya shot was caught when the asbestos that accept and lungs were found in the Anatolian territories show that the request can not be accepted as tremolit. Asbestos-related diseases in workers in Europe, "Imported asbestos" and running a shameful situation, it is funny.
Turkey is working in the same confusion that is. Asbestos is processed in a factory work related illness occurs employer-worker is the problem. Asbestos workers to patients has come from his village, or did you work?
In Turkey to the left of asbestos fibers, asbestos in the white ground, "Ak soil," the heavens earth "," Ceren earth "" Çelpek "with various names, lime, plaster, roof and ground floor is used as is. Used for this purpose in the villages of Anatolia, most of the land in the industrial value of any non-asbestos tremolit have to. This type of asbestos fiber, just like blue and brown asbestos thin or thick can be long.
Asbestos, environmental way our country is connected to the left peak of disease in the region: Mihallıççik districts and villages of Eskişehir and Konya Ereğli'sinin Ayrancı Halkapınar and villages, of Çankırı Ilgaz and Şabanözü Sorgun village and district of Yozgat and villages, and Yıldızeli of Sivas Şarkışla villages, west of Diyarbakir in South Eastern Anatolia region Ergani and villages, Polu Mine and villages of Elazığ, Malatya, Adiyaman and Urfa district includes the Siverek. Coast of the Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia regions in residential areas do not have asbestos-related diseases. Connected to the asbestos left several villages in Thrace Plevral benign changes are found. Only in the villages in the Aegean region Denizli'in Tavas County, Burdur's Yeşilova region, and the Gediz Aslanapa district of Kütahya, Afyon district's Elmadag about asbestos disease was found sporadically in the villages. Mediterranean region, the slope of the Taurus Mountains in the villages and some villages of Hatay Kirikhan and Reyhanlı soil drink the above mentioned tremolit way asbestos is used by the left end of the air within the environment to develop diseases related asbesle.
The 30 species of natural zeolit'lerin a aluminosilikat crystallize only in erionite and mordenite lifsel structure. The crystal structure alone is erionite'in epidemiological lifsel, in vivo and in vitro has been shown to be as karsinojenik and fibrojenik. So far, the most potent carcinogen known Erionite'nin a mineral that is connected to the World Health Organization, the International Cancer Research Agency (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has been adopted by.
Thousands of years ago, Erciyes, Hasandağı and the volcanic lava of nearby mountains covered Melendiz that foreigners Cappadocia, Goreme said we are in the unique natural wonders of the geological structure has emerged. The region's only three-place, water and salt into the reaction of volcanic lava chabazite, clinopitololite create and crystallize as lifsel structure where erionite'nin Karain, Sarıhıdır villages and is located Tuzköy. To all of the diseases of asbestos Erionite'nin caused Göreme region has to face the day with work. This area is separate from the three villages in the other villages is infrequent, and peritoneal malignant Plevral has been shown by us to be mezotelyoma endemisi. The average age of patients from the region mezotelyomalı most people 50 and 26, were the oldest is 75. In both men and women and Disease was seen. Interesting side of the business, the disease was seen in a way more intense in some families. A family with the lymphoma mezotelyoma Plevral and peritoneal, liver cancer, bone sarcoma, tumors such as non-mezotelyoma were seen. On these observations formed the basis of cancer, although genetic predisposition factors erionite also suggests additional factors may be as effective.
Göremenin Karain, Tuzköy and the proportional mortality studies Sarıhıdır villages, the first of two who died in a village in the fact that 70% died from malignant disease has been revealed. However Kızırmağın the oldest settlements in the south of the river flooding and falling rocks in the back of people and animals by causing loss of time due to the government in 1958 villages of the north side of the river in the brick, briquette made with materials such as new home has to be moved. Be below 50% of Sarıhıdır'daki mortality rate is probably related. All patients except one in this village was born in the old villages were individuals. This event Göreme'deki the problem of cancer, but show the villages can be solved through a change of location.
Cancer Göreme'deki people in villages, houses and garden walls of the building blocks that slide into the water to breathe in erionit'ten. Bronchi of the patient and provide sekresyonunda, breathing the air in the house and in the lungs is similar to the erionite fibers and asbestos cisimcik shows zeolite cisimcik. Today only 35 digits of a village that has become a large part Karainliler'ın, for various reasons, domestic and foreign locations to maintain life. After finishing elementary school, even separated from the village who goes to the world, wherever you are mezotelyoma risk.
Mesothelioma Treatment Methods
1. İmmünoterapi and / or combination chemotherapy
Ex: + IFN-a combination of cisplatin,
cisplatin + mitomisin - C + IFN-a combination,
IL-2 or IFN-g intrakaviter,
intralezyoner GM-CSF infusion,
2. Photodynamic therapy
3. Gene therapy
4. Selective receptors for growth or antagonistic treatment faktöıü
5. Plörektomi / intrakaviter chemotherapy / postoperative chemotherapy / radiotherapy preventif
Median 4-12 months after diagnosis MPM'de between sağkalım are reported.
At the moment not possible to talk about curing the disease is below 5% in five years of life.
Treatment cases are reported with long-lived.
Prognostic factors in the life time is effective.
Can not be used in response to PA lung graph treatment.
For phase MPM'de "International mesothelioma Interest Group" (IMIG) prepared by the phase recommended for use (Table 4).
For less than the number of Olgu treatment is difficult to comment about. Studies suggest that at least 15 patients are. This case centered on the work should come into question.
Sunday, February 15, 2009
The multidisciplinary treatment of liver diseases can change the natural history of disease.
I Multidisciplinar Open Classroom in Viral and Bacterial Infections of the Liver.
• Sponsored by Gilead Sciences Laboratory, the reunion is accredited by the Menendez Pelayo International University and sponsored by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver.
• One hundred hepatologists Spaniards have gathered in this first Open Classroom Cross is drawn into a discussion forum on infectious diseases of the liver.
• The ideal drug is one that achieves a potent viral suppression (effectiveness) as long as possible (no resistance).
• Around 400 million people worldwide are infected with Hepatitis B, and 200 million for hepatitis C. Most do not know.
• In Spain there are between 300,000 and 400,000 people with hepatitis B, and between 800,000 and one million with hepatitis C.
El Palacio de la Magdalena Santander I just host the Open Classroom in Cross Viral and Bacterial Infections of the liver that has brought over one hundred nationally hepatologists.
The objective of this class has been updated knowledge related to bacterial and viral infectious diseases of the liver, especially hepatitis B and C, so that specialists may be transferred to everyday clinical practice, it has been established what should be the action protocols in many cases. It also has a special focus on the most controversial points of the treatment of these diseases. This classroom has led Dr. Fernando Pons Romero, Professor of Medicine and Chief of Digestive Medicine of the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Dr. José Luis Calleja, Deputy Medical Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, and Dr. Javier Garcia Crespo, Physician Assistant Digestive Medicine Department of Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Sponsored by Gilead Sciences Laboratory, the reunion had the accreditation of the Menéndez Pelayo International University and sponsored by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver.
This meeting, held for the first time in Spain, intends to become a forum for discussion of liver disease in the coming years. It has highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary treatment of viral and bacterial diseases of the liver, focusing on the need to work together in addressing them to ensure that treatment is successful.
Thus, Dr. Fernando Pons explains that for this first class multidisciplinary "have been selected infectious diseases for several reasons, firstly by its frequency, because of its high morbidity and have at present a very effective therapeutic arsenal can control. " We therefore have analyzed the liver related to hepatitis B and C which are responsible for a significant number of hepatitis, which if not treated properly can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer.
Similarly, we have studied the bacterial diseases that can present and cirrhotic patients whose diagnosis and treatment is essential because they are a very important cause of mortality.
Here I Cross Open Classroom in viral and bacterial diseases of the liver has been spoken of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients in hepatic disease or infectious diseases. About C virus has affected the clinical extrahepatic manifestations of this virus in the predictors of non-modifiable and modifiable treatment response and treatment of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. As for the B virus, in this meeting have been presented the epidemiological changes of infection by this virus in Spain, explaining the diagnosis of infection and evolving forms of B virus infection highlighting the therapeutic options currently available.
Specialist Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla stresses the importance of these meetings as a forum for exchange of knowledge between hepatologists and other specialists who treat diseases that are related to these infections and to alter its natural history, hence the importance the multidisciplinary approach. "
Hepatitis B and C. Treatment
Among other points, in this classroom were addressed novel aspects in epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection by hepatitis B. Dr. José Luis Calleja, Deputy Medical Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, emphasizes that the majority of treatments are prescribed for long term is essential to choose appropriate candidates for the treatment. At present, most of the international consensus to recommend treating only those patients who present with histologic and analytical data relevant to active disease. " In this sense, it emphasized the importance of team-resistant effectiveness when planning appropriate treatment. The ideal drug is one that achieves a potent viral suppression (effectiveness) as long as possible (no resistance). In this sense, the new generation of antiviral drugs such as tenofovir, a major breakthrough for the treatment of these patients and are regarded as drugs of choice, "clarifies Dr. Calleja.
Regarding hepatitis C, this reunion was discussed the possibility of improving the antiviral response by modifying factors: treatment of docility, the host and virus. It also emphasized the individualization of treatment, ie the adaptation of treatment to each patient and each type of virus to achieve optimal viral response in the shortest possible time and with fewer side effects. Thus, Dr. Javier Crespo, Associate Medical Digestive Medicine Department of Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, explains that "it is important impact on reducing the treatment time in patients infected with genotype I with low viral load and that they possible treatment of 6 months instead of 12 without loss of efficiency. " On the other hand, in the Open Classroom I Cross in viral and bacterial diseases of the liver, is said to increase the treatment in some cases of infection with genotype 3 and high viral loads do not exhibit an early virological response.
Hepatitis B and C. Prevalence
One in 12 people worldwide are living with hepatitis B or C, and most have known the disease. According to estimates by the World Health Organization estimated that there are approximately 400 million people globally affected by hepatitis B and between 170 and 200 million cases of hepatitis C. One in three people worldwide have ever been exposed to hepatitis B or C.
The prevalence of these diseases is highest in China, Southeast Asia and tropical Africa, and in turn the lowest in North America, Western Europe and Australia.
5% of the world population are carriers of hepatitis B virus and produces two million deaths annually caused by this virus. In Southeast Asia and in sub-Saharan Africa 10% of the population are chronic carriers. The level of prevalence of hepatitis B is such that the number of infected is 10 times higher than those infected with the AIDS virus and its transmission is 100 times easier than that of HIV.
In Spain, there are 12,000 cases of hepatitis B each year. Between 5 and 10% become chronic hepatitis B and approximately 250 cases developed hepatocarcinoma (liver cancer). In total, there are between 300,000 and 400,000 Spaniards infected by this virus, approximately 1% of the population. For its part, the prevalence of hepatitis C infection is relatively high, with between 800,000 and one million infected people in our country. It is estimated that nearly a million Spaniards are unaware that they carry some hepatitis viruses.
Complications commonly associated with hepatitis B and C are cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer, disorders that may affect 20 percent of these patients. The existence of such factors as alcohol consumption, being male, having been infected in late age and being infected by human immunodeficiency virus negative impact on prognosis and disease progression.
About Gilead Sciences
Gilead Sciences, sponsor of the Open Classroom I Cross in viral and bacterial infections of the liver, is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and markets innovative treatments in areas with unresolved medical needs. The company's mission is to advance the care of patients suffering from life-threatening diseases worldwide. Gilead Sciences now sells Viread ® (tenofovir), a single administration of antiviral daily for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and Hepsera ®, widely used in Europe. In addition, the company is developing small molecule compounds for the treatment of hepatitis C and a hepatoprotective liver fibrosis due to hepatitis.
• Sponsored by Gilead Sciences Laboratory, the reunion is accredited by the Menendez Pelayo International University and sponsored by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver.
• One hundred hepatologists Spaniards have gathered in this first Open Classroom Cross is drawn into a discussion forum on infectious diseases of the liver.
• The ideal drug is one that achieves a potent viral suppression (effectiveness) as long as possible (no resistance).
• Around 400 million people worldwide are infected with Hepatitis B, and 200 million for hepatitis C. Most do not know.
• In Spain there are between 300,000 and 400,000 people with hepatitis B, and between 800,000 and one million with hepatitis C.
El Palacio de la Magdalena Santander I just host the Open Classroom in Cross Viral and Bacterial Infections of the liver that has brought over one hundred nationally hepatologists.
The objective of this class has been updated knowledge related to bacterial and viral infectious diseases of the liver, especially hepatitis B and C, so that specialists may be transferred to everyday clinical practice, it has been established what should be the action protocols in many cases. It also has a special focus on the most controversial points of the treatment of these diseases. This classroom has led Dr. Fernando Pons Romero, Professor of Medicine and Chief of Digestive Medicine of the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Dr. José Luis Calleja, Deputy Medical Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, and Dr. Javier Garcia Crespo, Physician Assistant Digestive Medicine Department of Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Sponsored by Gilead Sciences Laboratory, the reunion had the accreditation of the Menéndez Pelayo International University and sponsored by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver.
This meeting, held for the first time in Spain, intends to become a forum for discussion of liver disease in the coming years. It has highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary treatment of viral and bacterial diseases of the liver, focusing on the need to work together in addressing them to ensure that treatment is successful.
Thus, Dr. Fernando Pons explains that for this first class multidisciplinary "have been selected infectious diseases for several reasons, firstly by its frequency, because of its high morbidity and have at present a very effective therapeutic arsenal can control. " We therefore have analyzed the liver related to hepatitis B and C which are responsible for a significant number of hepatitis, which if not treated properly can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer.
Similarly, we have studied the bacterial diseases that can present and cirrhotic patients whose diagnosis and treatment is essential because they are a very important cause of mortality.
Here I Cross Open Classroom in viral and bacterial diseases of the liver has been spoken of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients in hepatic disease or infectious diseases. About C virus has affected the clinical extrahepatic manifestations of this virus in the predictors of non-modifiable and modifiable treatment response and treatment of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. As for the B virus, in this meeting have been presented the epidemiological changes of infection by this virus in Spain, explaining the diagnosis of infection and evolving forms of B virus infection highlighting the therapeutic options currently available.
Specialist Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla stresses the importance of these meetings as a forum for exchange of knowledge between hepatologists and other specialists who treat diseases that are related to these infections and to alter its natural history, hence the importance the multidisciplinary approach. "
Hepatitis B and C. Treatment
Among other points, in this classroom were addressed novel aspects in epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection by hepatitis B. Dr. José Luis Calleja, Deputy Medical Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, emphasizes that the majority of treatments are prescribed for long term is essential to choose appropriate candidates for the treatment. At present, most of the international consensus to recommend treating only those patients who present with histologic and analytical data relevant to active disease. " In this sense, it emphasized the importance of team-resistant effectiveness when planning appropriate treatment. The ideal drug is one that achieves a potent viral suppression (effectiveness) as long as possible (no resistance). In this sense, the new generation of antiviral drugs such as tenofovir, a major breakthrough for the treatment of these patients and are regarded as drugs of choice, "clarifies Dr. Calleja.
Regarding hepatitis C, this reunion was discussed the possibility of improving the antiviral response by modifying factors: treatment of docility, the host and virus. It also emphasized the individualization of treatment, ie the adaptation of treatment to each patient and each type of virus to achieve optimal viral response in the shortest possible time and with fewer side effects. Thus, Dr. Javier Crespo, Associate Medical Digestive Medicine Department of Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, explains that "it is important impact on reducing the treatment time in patients infected with genotype I with low viral load and that they possible treatment of 6 months instead of 12 without loss of efficiency. " On the other hand, in the Open Classroom I Cross in viral and bacterial diseases of the liver, is said to increase the treatment in some cases of infection with genotype 3 and high viral loads do not exhibit an early virological response.
Hepatitis B and C. Prevalence
One in 12 people worldwide are living with hepatitis B or C, and most have known the disease. According to estimates by the World Health Organization estimated that there are approximately 400 million people globally affected by hepatitis B and between 170 and 200 million cases of hepatitis C. One in three people worldwide have ever been exposed to hepatitis B or C.
The prevalence of these diseases is highest in China, Southeast Asia and tropical Africa, and in turn the lowest in North America, Western Europe and Australia.
5% of the world population are carriers of hepatitis B virus and produces two million deaths annually caused by this virus. In Southeast Asia and in sub-Saharan Africa 10% of the population are chronic carriers. The level of prevalence of hepatitis B is such that the number of infected is 10 times higher than those infected with the AIDS virus and its transmission is 100 times easier than that of HIV.
In Spain, there are 12,000 cases of hepatitis B each year. Between 5 and 10% become chronic hepatitis B and approximately 250 cases developed hepatocarcinoma (liver cancer). In total, there are between 300,000 and 400,000 Spaniards infected by this virus, approximately 1% of the population. For its part, the prevalence of hepatitis C infection is relatively high, with between 800,000 and one million infected people in our country. It is estimated that nearly a million Spaniards are unaware that they carry some hepatitis viruses.
Complications commonly associated with hepatitis B and C are cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer, disorders that may affect 20 percent of these patients. The existence of such factors as alcohol consumption, being male, having been infected in late age and being infected by human immunodeficiency virus negative impact on prognosis and disease progression.
About Gilead Sciences
Gilead Sciences, sponsor of the Open Classroom I Cross in viral and bacterial infections of the liver, is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and markets innovative treatments in areas with unresolved medical needs. The company's mission is to advance the care of patients suffering from life-threatening diseases worldwide. Gilead Sciences now sells Viread ® (tenofovir), a single administration of antiviral daily for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and Hepsera ®, widely used in Europe. In addition, the company is developing small molecule compounds for the treatment of hepatitis C and a hepatoprotective liver fibrosis due to hepatitis.
Pill and wife celebrate 30 years to grow together.
• Yesterday was inaugurated in Madrid the exhibition "Pill and women 30 years of evolution" that will tour major cities in Spain.
• According to experts, the pill has undergone in recent years a radical transformation and now have fewer side effects and many health benefits.
Yesterday, October 7, 2008 was held in Spain on 30th anniversary of the decriminalization of the contraceptive pill. A date which marked a milestone in the history of women and society of our country, and that somehow symbolized the arrival of a new era of openness and freedom.
Since then, many things have changed for women and society itself, but so has the pill. Now, three decades later, the pill is no longer used only as a contraceptive method, but developments in recent years have focused on meeting additional health needs and welfare of women.
This has been reflected in the "Pill and women: 30 years of evolution" which was presented yesterday at the hands of the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Spanish Society of Contraception and in collaboration with Bayer Schering Pharma. The sample includes the testimonies of 30 women on the pill and its evolution over these 30 years.
According to sociologist Jose M Bleda, "it is striking to see how women have changed in so little time. Its more professional, its growing integration into working life and other facets of development has marked his career in 30 years and has led him to be more demanding and have greater concern for their health, wellbeing and physical appearance .
In these years there has been a substantial change in relation to the pill. Once the efficacy and safety of contraceptives, recent developments have been designed to meet the changing needs of health and welfare of women. In this sense, as the widow of Dr. Esther, Chairman of the SEC and Gynecologist Hospital of Guadalajara, "Reducing the dose of hormone and the incorporation of new progestins increasingly similar to natural progesterone in women has been key to achieving other benefits to health and welfare of women. " Now, the contraceptive pill also has a therapeutic use to reduce symptoms associated with menstruation such as menorrhagia (abundant bleeding) or dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain), treatment of acne and seborrhea, or alleviation of symptoms associated andalusia Premenstrual syndrome. Sometimes, these signs have become characteristic of oral contraception or treatment specialists recommend that outside purely contraceptive. This means that over 1,700,000 women choose this method in Spain.
Along with all of them in this presentation has been Mr. Theo van der Loo, Managing Director of Bayer Healthcare in Spain, which now incorporates the company that once was responsible for the introduction of the pill in our country, and which now represents 30 years after the breakthrough and development in this method since, and wanted to support with their presence Sponsored by: In collaboration with: the initiative and show the company's commitment to continue working on improving the health and quality of life of women.
On exposure
The exhibition is based on the personal testimony of 30 Spanish women, of varying age and condition, we have personal experience with the contraceptive pill. Among them we find housewives, students, journalists or gynecologists.
Some of the familiar faces that have given their testimony are actresses Monica Estarreado, or Powdery Ana Carla Hidalgo. The show also has collected the testimony of political or professional recognition by the President of the Spanish Federation of Women Entrepreneurs, Business & Professional (FEMENP), Carmen Sanz Chacon or writer Mariana Jara.
Also the exhibition runs through the development of oral contraception in the last 30 years, so informative and entertaining.
Pill and Women: 30 years of evolution starts today in Madrid, but your first stop for the general public will be in Santiago de Compostela from October 28 to November 1. Other cities that will traverse Bilbao, Sevilla, Valencia and Barcelona. In February revert back to Madrid where he will be a week before its closure. During his trip, the exhibition provides informative host various activities around the oral contraceptive. For the itinerary or further information: http://www.pildoraymujer.com.
30 years of decriminalization
On October 7, 1978 the courts gave the green light by the Law 45/1978 which approved the decriminalization of the use of the contraceptive pill. Today, 30 years later, the Spanish Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SEGO) and the Society of Contraception Esañola (SEC), supported by Bayer Shering Pharma, the company which marketed the first pill in our country, and we have held in Madrid with the opening of an exhibition that will tour the Spanish in the coming months.
Although oral contraceptives were being recent past as menstrual regulation, legalization of contraceptive use as the beginning of a new era for millions of Spanish, since that time, had the opportunity to choose when and how to conceive.
• According to experts, the pill has undergone in recent years a radical transformation and now have fewer side effects and many health benefits.
Yesterday, October 7, 2008 was held in Spain on 30th anniversary of the decriminalization of the contraceptive pill. A date which marked a milestone in the history of women and society of our country, and that somehow symbolized the arrival of a new era of openness and freedom.
Since then, many things have changed for women and society itself, but so has the pill. Now, three decades later, the pill is no longer used only as a contraceptive method, but developments in recent years have focused on meeting additional health needs and welfare of women.
This has been reflected in the "Pill and women: 30 years of evolution" which was presented yesterday at the hands of the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Spanish Society of Contraception and in collaboration with Bayer Schering Pharma. The sample includes the testimonies of 30 women on the pill and its evolution over these 30 years.
According to sociologist Jose M Bleda, "it is striking to see how women have changed in so little time. Its more professional, its growing integration into working life and other facets of development has marked his career in 30 years and has led him to be more demanding and have greater concern for their health, wellbeing and physical appearance .
In these years there has been a substantial change in relation to the pill. Once the efficacy and safety of contraceptives, recent developments have been designed to meet the changing needs of health and welfare of women. In this sense, as the widow of Dr. Esther, Chairman of the SEC and Gynecologist Hospital of Guadalajara, "Reducing the dose of hormone and the incorporation of new progestins increasingly similar to natural progesterone in women has been key to achieving other benefits to health and welfare of women. " Now, the contraceptive pill also has a therapeutic use to reduce symptoms associated with menstruation such as menorrhagia (abundant bleeding) or dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain), treatment of acne and seborrhea, or alleviation of symptoms associated andalusia Premenstrual syndrome. Sometimes, these signs have become characteristic of oral contraception or treatment specialists recommend that outside purely contraceptive. This means that over 1,700,000 women choose this method in Spain.
Along with all of them in this presentation has been Mr. Theo van der Loo, Managing Director of Bayer Healthcare in Spain, which now incorporates the company that once was responsible for the introduction of the pill in our country, and which now represents 30 years after the breakthrough and development in this method since, and wanted to support with their presence Sponsored by: In collaboration with: the initiative and show the company's commitment to continue working on improving the health and quality of life of women.
On exposure
The exhibition is based on the personal testimony of 30 Spanish women, of varying age and condition, we have personal experience with the contraceptive pill. Among them we find housewives, students, journalists or gynecologists.
Some of the familiar faces that have given their testimony are actresses Monica Estarreado, or Powdery Ana Carla Hidalgo. The show also has collected the testimony of political or professional recognition by the President of the Spanish Federation of Women Entrepreneurs, Business & Professional (FEMENP), Carmen Sanz Chacon or writer Mariana Jara.
Also the exhibition runs through the development of oral contraception in the last 30 years, so informative and entertaining.
Pill and Women: 30 years of evolution starts today in Madrid, but your first stop for the general public will be in Santiago de Compostela from October 28 to November 1. Other cities that will traverse Bilbao, Sevilla, Valencia and Barcelona. In February revert back to Madrid where he will be a week before its closure. During his trip, the exhibition provides informative host various activities around the oral contraceptive. For the itinerary or further information: http://www.pildoraymujer.com.
30 years of decriminalization
On October 7, 1978 the courts gave the green light by the Law 45/1978 which approved the decriminalization of the use of the contraceptive pill. Today, 30 years later, the Spanish Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SEGO) and the Society of Contraception Esañola (SEC), supported by Bayer Shering Pharma, the company which marketed the first pill in our country, and we have held in Madrid with the opening of an exhibition that will tour the Spanish in the coming months.
Although oral contraceptives were being recent past as menstrual regulation, legalization of contraceptive use as the beginning of a new era for millions of Spanish, since that time, had the opportunity to choose when and how to conceive.
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